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Developmental Exposure to Trace Concentrations of Chlorpyrifos Results in Nonmonotonic Changes in Brain Shape and Behavior in Amphibians
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01039 Sara J McClelland 1, 2 , Sarah K Woodley 1
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01039 Sara J McClelland 1, 2 , Sarah K Woodley 1
Affiliation
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Despite regulations and improved design, pesticides remain ubiquitous in the environment at relatively low, trace concentrations. To understand how prolonged exposure to trace pesticide concentrations impacts vertebrate brain development and behavior, we raised larval amphibians (northern leopard frogs, Lithobates pipiens) in 0, 1, or 10 μg/L of the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) from hatching to metamorphosis. Tadpoles exposed to 1 μg/L CPF, but not 10 μg/L CPF, had changes in relative brain mass, relative telencephalon shape, and behavioral responses to a novel visual cue. Tadpoles exposed to 10 μg/L CPF had altered behavioral responses to predator-associated olfactory cues. After metamorphosis, frogs raised in 1 μg/L CPF, but not 10 μg/L CPF, had changes in the shape of their optic tectum and medulla. Thus, we provide robust evidence that even trace, yet ecologically realistic, concentrations of CPF have neurodevelopmental and behavioral effects that carry over to later life-history stages, further emphasizing the potent effects of trace levels of CPF on vertebrate development. Also, some but not all effects were nonmonotonic, meaning that effects were evident at the lowest but not at the higher concentration of CPF.
中文翻译：
微量毒死蜱的发育暴露导致两栖动物大脑形状和行为的非单调变化
尽管有法规和改进的设计，但农药仍然以相对较低的痕量浓度在环境中无处不在。为了了解长时间暴露于微量农药浓度如何影响脊椎动物大脑发育和行为，我们饲养了两栖动物幼虫（北豹蛙、Lithobates pipiens) 在 0、1 或 10 μg/L 的有机磷农药毒死蜱 (CPF) 中从孵化到变态。暴露于 1 μg/L CPF（而非 10 μg/L CPF）的蝌蚪在相对脑质量、相对端脑形状和对新视觉提示的行为反应方面发生了变化。暴露于 10 μg/L CPF 的蝌蚪改变了对捕食者相关嗅觉线索的行为反应。变态后，在 1 μg/L CPF 而不是 10 μg/L CPF 中饲养的青蛙，其视顶盖和髓质的形状发生了变化。因此，我们提供了强有力的证据，证明即使是微量但生态现实的 CPF 浓度也会对神经发育和行为产生影响，这些影响会延续到以后的生命史阶段，进一步强调了微量 CPF 对脊椎动物发育的有效影响。此外，一些但不是所有的影响是非单调的，
更新日期：2022-06-15
中文翻译：
微量毒死蜱的发育暴露导致两栖动物大脑形状和行为的非单调变化
尽管有法规和改进的设计，但农药仍然以相对较低的痕量浓度在环境中无处不在。为了了解长时间暴露于微量农药浓度如何影响脊椎动物大脑发育和行为，我们饲养了两栖动物幼虫（北豹蛙、Lithobates pipiens) 在 0、1 或 10 μg/L 的有机磷农药毒死蜱 (CPF) 中从孵化到变态。暴露于 1 μg/L CPF（而非 10 μg/L CPF）的蝌蚪在相对脑质量、相对端脑形状和对新视觉提示的行为反应方面发生了变化。暴露于 10 μg/L CPF 的蝌蚪改变了对捕食者相关嗅觉线索的行为反应。变态后，在 1 μg/L CPF 而不是 10 μg/L CPF 中饲养的青蛙，其视顶盖和髓质的形状发生了变化。因此，我们提供了强有力的证据，证明即使是微量但生态现实的 CPF 浓度也会对神经发育和行为产生影响，这些影响会延续到以后的生命史阶段，进一步强调了微量 CPF 对脊椎动物发育的有效影响。此外，一些但不是所有的影响是非单调的，
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