The scientific study of the biological basis of intelligence has been contributing to our understanding of individual differences in cognitive abilities for decades. In particular, the ongoing development of electrophysiological, neuroimaging, and genetic methods has created new opportunities to gain insights into pressing questions, allowing the field to come closer towards a comprehensive theory that explains how genotypes exert their influence on human intelligence through intermediate biological and cognitive endophenotypes. The aim of this article is to provide a focused overview of empirical benchmark findings on biological correlates of intelligence. Specifically, we summarize benchmark findings from electrophysiological, neuroimaging, and genetic research. Moreover, we discuss four open questions: (1) The robustness of research findings; (2) the relation between neural parameters and cognitive processes; (3) promising methodological developments; and (4) theory development. The aim of this paper is to assemble the most important and robust findings on the biological basis of intelligence to stimulate future research and to contribute to theory development.

几十年来，对智力生物学基础的科学研究一直有助于我们理解认知能力的个体差异。特别是，电生理学、神经成像和遗传方法的持续发展为深入了解紧迫问题创造了新的机会，使该领域更接近于一种综合理论，该理论解释基因型如何通过中间生物学和认知能力对人类智力产生影响内表型。本文的目的是对智力的生物学相关性的实证基准研究结果进行重点概述。具体来说，我们总结了电生理学、神经影像学和基因研究的基准结果。此外，我们讨论了四个开放性问题：（1）研究结果的稳健性；(2) 神经参数与认知过程的关系；(3) 有前景的方法学发展；(4)理论发展。本文的目的是汇集关于智能生物学基础的最重要和最有力的发现，以激发未来的研究并为理论发展做出贡献。