The open-source paradigm offers a plethora of opportunities for innovative business models (BMs) as the underlying codebase of the technology is accessible and extendable by external developers. However, finding the proper configuration of open-source business models (OSBMs) is challenging, as existing literature gives guidance through commonly used BMs but does not describe underlying design elements. The present study generates a taxonomy following an iterative development process based on established guidelines by analyzing 120 OSBMs to complement the taxonomy's conceptually-grounded design elements. Then, a cluster-based approach is used to develop archetypes derived from dominant features. The results show that OSBMs can be classified into seven archetypical patterns: open-source platform BM, funding-based BM, infrastructure BM, Open Innovation BM, Open Core BM, proprietary-like BM, and traditional open-source software (OSS) BM. The results can act as a starting point for further investigation regarding the use of the open-source paradigm in the era of digital entrepreneurship. Practitioners can find guidance in designing OSBMs.

开源范式为创新业务模型 (BM) 提供了大量机会，因为该技术的底层代码库可供外部开发人员访问和扩展。然而，找到开源业务模型 (OSBM) 的正确配置具有挑战性，因为现有文献通过常用的 BM 提供了指导，但没有描述底层设计元素。本研究通过分析 120 个 OSBM，在迭代开发过程之后根据既定指南生成分类，以补充分类的基于概念的设计元素。然后，使用基于集群的方法来开发源自主要特征的原型。结果表明，OSBM 可以分为七种原型模式：开源平台 BM、基于资金的 BM、基础设施 BM、开放创新 BM、开放核心 BM、专有类 BM 和传统开源软件 (OSS) BM。该结果可以作为进一步研究在数字创业时代使用开源范式的起点。从业者可以在设计 OSBM 时找到指导。