The essential oils (EOs) produced by a number of Apiaceae species are well known for their insecticidal efficacy against a wide spectrum of insects, including vectors, stored product and agricultural pests. In the real world, rawly formulated EOs are scarcely effective due to their low chemical stability, limited persistence into the environment, and poor hydrophilicity. Therefore, for practical applications they need to be encapsulated using nanocarriers. In the present study, we evaluated two novel EO-based nanoemulsions (NEs) derived from Pimpinella anisum and Trachyspermun ammi, two plants with documented insecticidal effectiveness, for the management of stored product insects causing economic damages, including Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum, Tenebrio molitor, Trogoderma granarium adults or larvae, and Acarus siro adults or nymphs. The NEs were prepared by a high-pressure homogenization procedure and determined according to the distribution of particle size through dynamic light scattering. Pimpinella anisum EO resulted mainly dominated by the phenylpropanoid (E)-anethole, while T. ammi EO was mainly composed of thymol, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene. Each EO-based NE was tested at two concentrations (500 and 1000 ppm) on stored wheat. We evaluated mortality values of the arthropod pests after 4 h, 8 h, and 16 h, and daily from 1 to 7 days. Complete mortality was achieved for T. castaneum larvae on wheat sprayed with 1000 ppm of 4% (w/w) P. anisum EO-based NE after 6 days of exposure. Similarly, the 8% (w/w) T. ammi EO-based NE killed 100.0% of the tested T. confusum larvae after 7 days to 1000 ppm. When A. siro adults were exposed to 1000 ppm of the 8% (w/w) T. ammi EO-based NE, 89.4% of the tested individuals were killed after 7 days. Binary EO-based NE combination toxicity tests were also carried out. Almost all T. molitor adults (97.8%) died after 7 days to 1000 ppm of 3% (w/w) T. ammi + 3% (w/w) P. anisum EO-based NE. The 3% (w/w) T. ammi + 3% (w/w) P. anisum EO-based NE killed 98.6% of T. granarium adults after 7 days at 1000 ppm. Overall, the tested Apiaceae EO-based NEs exhibited relevant pesticidal efficacy under short exposure intervals, therefore they could be taken into account as auxiliary management tools towards the sustainable protection of durable commodities in storages.

许多伞形科物种生产的精油 (EO)以其对多种昆虫的杀虫功效而闻名，包括媒介、储存产品和农业害虫。在现实世界中，由于化学稳定性低、在环境中的持久性有限以及亲水性差，原始配制的 EO 几乎没有效果。因此，对于实际应用，它们需要使用纳米载体进行封装。在本研究中，我们评估了两种新的基于 EO 的纳米乳剂 (NEs)，这些纳米乳剂 (NEs) 来自Pimpinella anisum和Trachyspermun ammi，这两种植物具有记录的杀虫效果，用于管理造成经济损失的储存产品昆虫，包括Triboliumcastaneum、 Tribolium confusum、 Tenebrio molitor、 Trogoderma granarium成虫或幼虫，以及Acarus siro成虫或若虫。NEs 通过高压均质化程序制备，并通过动态光散射根据粒径分布确定。Pimpinella anisum EO 主要由苯丙烷（E）-茴香脑组成，而T. ammi EO 主要由百里酚、对伞花烃和γ组成-萜品烯。在储存的小麦上以两种浓度（500 和 1000 ppm）对每种基于 EO 的 NE 进行了测试。我们在 4 小时、8 小时和 16 小时后以及每天 1 至 7 天评估节肢动物害虫的死亡率值。暴露 6 天后，用 1000 ppm 的 4% (w/w)茴香EO 基 NE喷洒小麦上的谷栗幼虫完全死亡。类似地，8% (w/w) T. ammi EO 基 NE在 1000 ppm 后 7 天杀死 100.0% 的测试迷迭香幼虫。当A. siro成虫暴露于 1000 ppm 的 8% (w/w) T. ammi EO 基 NE 时，89.4% 的受试个体在 7 天后死亡。还进行了基于二元 EO 的 NE 组合毒性试验。几乎所有的T. molitor成虫 (97.8%) 在 1000 ppm 的 3% (w/w) T. ammi + 3% (w/w) P. anisum EO 基 NE 后 7 天死亡。3% (w/w) T. ammi + 3% (w/w) P. anisum EO 基 NE在 1000 ppm 下 7 天后杀死了 98.6% 的T. granarium成虫。总体而言，测试的伞形 EO 基 NE 在较短的暴露间隔下表现出相关的杀虫功效，因此可以将它们作为辅助管理工具，以可持续地保护储存中的耐用商品。