Cellulose has been efficiently isolated from almond shell (AS) of a soft-shell Carmel variety by a two-step NaClO₂ oxidation-KOH alkali protocol at over 35 % yield, then optimally TEMPO-oxidized and blended to yield 92 % and averagely 1.2 nm high (H), 5.2 nm wide (W), and 1.4 µm long (L) cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) with 58.6 % crystallinity and 1.3 mmole/g charge. With uniquely high 1167 L/H aspect ratio and 4.3 W/H lateral anisotropy, AS CNFs self-assembled into 1D fibers and 3D aerogels by freezing at − 196 °C and − 20 °C, respectively, then lyophilization as well as 2D films by air drying. All fibers were fully re-dispersable in water to individualized CNFs whereas aerogels were amphiphilic super-absorbents, absorbing slightly more hydrophobic chloroform than water, and films were hydrophilic on the surfaces and absorbed ca. three times more water than decane. The fully aqueous dispersible fibers, amphiphilic and water resilient aerogels, and organic resilient films are attributed to the interfacial associations of AS CNF driven by their uniquely high aspect ratio and cross-sectional anisotropy, demonstrating processing potential into versatile 1D to 3D materials.

通过两步 NaClO _{2从软壳 Carmel 品种的杏仁壳 (AS) 中有效分离纤维素}氧化-KOH 碱方案以超过 35% 的产率，然后进行最佳的 TEMPO 氧化和混合，以产生 92% 和平均 1.2 nm 高 (H)、5.2 nm 宽 (W) 和 1.4 µm 长 (L) 的纤维素纳米纤维 (CNF)结晶度为 58.6%，装料量为 1.3 毫摩尔/克。凭借 1167 L/H 的独特高纵横比和 4.3 W/H 横向各向异性，AS CNFs 通过分别在 - 196 °C 和 - 20 °C 冷冻，然后冻干以及 2D 薄膜自组装成 1D 纤维和 3D 气凝胶通过风干。所有纤维都可在水中完全再分散到个性化的 CNF，而气凝胶是两亲性超吸收剂，吸收比水略多的疏水性氯仿，薄膜在表面上是亲水性的，吸收量约为 水是癸烷的三倍。完全水分散性纤维、两亲性和水弹性气凝胶，