Multifunctional hydrogels show potential applications in actuators and wearable sensors. However, it is still a challenge to develop a photothermal responsive conductive hydrogel with high transparency, mechanical properties, broad sensing range, and low-temperature resistance. In this work, a transparent, photothermal responsive, and highly stretchable alginate-based hydrogels was feasibly constructed by adding two-dimensional non-layered molybdenum dioxide nanosheets (2D-MoO₂) to sodium alginate/polyacrylamide mixture and then soaking into the calcium chloride solution. The introduction of 2D-MoO₂ renders the hydrogels excellent photothermal properties and controllable photomechanical deformation under near-infrared irradiation, while maintaining high transparency (~60 %).The calcium ions give the hydrogel excellent mechanics, conductivity, and freezing tolerance concurrently. The transparent hydrogel-based sensor shows wide sensing range (0–1800 %) and cycling stability in detecting deformations and real-time human motions even in harsh environments. Therefore, this work provides a new route for generating transparent multifunctional hydrogels towards the applications of remote actuation and strain sensing.

多功能水凝胶在致动器和可穿戴传感器中显示出潜在的应用。然而，开发具有高透明度、机械性能、宽传感范围和耐低温的光热响应导电水凝胶仍然是一个挑战。在这项工作中，通过将二维非层状二氧化钼纳米片（2D-MoO ₂）添加到海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺混合物中，然后浸入氯化钙中，构建了一种透明、光热响应和高度可拉伸的海藻酸盐水凝胶。解决方案。2D-MoO _2的介绍使水凝胶在近红外照射下具有优异的光热性能和可控的光机械变形，同时保持高透明度（~60%）。钙离子同时赋予水凝胶优异的力学、导电性和耐冻性。基于透明水凝胶的传感器即使在恶劣的环境中也能显示出广泛的感应范围（0-1800%）和检测变形和实时人体运动的循环稳定性。因此，这项工作为生成透明多功能水凝胶应用于远程驱动和应变传感提供了一条新途径。