TEMPO oxidized nano-fibrillated cellulose (TONFC) has been used in different applications including biomedical, packing materials, paints and cosmetics because of its higher transparency, mechanical properties and better biocompatibility. However, pulping is always required to remove lignin and hemicellulose, and high-energy homogenization is required to defibrillate cellulose bundle into filament. Therefore, it is desirable to find a novel way to get TONFC with high carboxyl content without intensive mechanical disintegration. In this work, nanocellulose (TOHOLO) with higher carboxyl groups (2.2 ± 0.2 mmol/g) and smaller size (length = 400–685 nm and diameter = 5.9 nm) was prepared by a two-step strategy without intensive mechanical homogenization. In addition to the advantages in terms of diameter and carboxyl groups, TOHOLO showed better transparency and re-dispersibility as well as higher mechanical properties (122.8 MPa) compared to previous reports. Furthermore, for high carboxyl group and dispersibility, the TOHOLO can be used as a reinforcing filler to fabricate nanocomposites. The reinforced PVA fibers show a tensile strength of 484.4 MPa, which is about 170 % higher than comparison samples (PVA/TOCN-M, 291.9 MPa).

TEMPO氧化纳米原纤化纤维素（TONFC）由于其更高的透明度、机械性能和更好的生物相容性，已被用于不同的应用，包括生物医学、包装材料、油漆和化妆品。然而，总是需要制浆来去除木质素和半纤维素，并且需要高能均质以将纤维素束除纤成长丝。因此，希望找到一种新的方法来获得具有高羧基含量的 TONFC，而无需强烈的机械崩解。在这项工作中，具有较高羧基（2.2 ± 0.2 mmol/g）和较小尺寸（长度 = 400-685 nm 和直径 = 5.9 nm）的纳米纤维素（TOHOLO）是通过两步策略制备的，无需强化机械均质化。除了在直径和羧基方面的优势外，与以前的报告相比，TOHOLO 显示出更好的透明度和再分散性以及更高的机械性能 (1​​22.8 MPa)。此外，由于高羧基和分散性，TOHOLO 可用作增强填料来制备纳米复合材料。增强型 PVA 纤维的拉伸强度为 484.4 MPa，比对比样品（PVA/TOCN-M，291.9 MPa）高出约 170%。