Productive discourse regarding the role of racism and colonialism in conservation is growing but still limited. Inadequate recognition of these powerful forces has significantly impeded socially just conservation efforts. This paper integrates multiple disciplinary perspectives to discuss historical conservation practices in the United States and abroad to reveal challenges with moving beyond traditional approaches to conservation that perpetuate systemic racism and colonialism. Using urban greening (e.g., tree planting) in the United States as an example, we show how these challenges manifest as White ideals of nature, power disparities, and displacement and exclusion. We then put forth an agenda for antiracist, anticolonial urban conservation and urban greening. This agenda uses the tripartite environmental justice framework (i.e., distributional, recognition, and procedural justice) as a starting point, integrating and adapting more critical views of contemporary environmental justice to highlight specific policies and practices that can be applied to many conservation problems.

中文翻译：

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城市绿化和保护的反种族主义、反殖民议程

关于种族主义和殖民主义在保护中的作用的富有成效的讨论正在增长，但仍然有限。对这些强大力量的不充分认识严重阻碍了社会公正的保护工作。本文整合了多个学科视角，讨论了美国和国外的历史保护实践，揭示了超越传统保护方法的挑战，这些方法使系统性种族主义和殖民主义长期存在。以美国的城市绿化（例如植树）为例，我们展示了这些挑战如何体现为白人的自然理想、权力差距以及流离失所和排斥。然后，我们提出了反种族主义、反殖民城市保护和城市绿化的议程。该议程使用三方环境正义框架（即，