Quantum technology promises to revolutionize how we learn about the physical world. An experiment that processes quantum data with a quantum computer could have substantial advantages over conventional experiments in which quantum states are measured and outcomes are processed with a classical computer. We proved that quantum machines could learn from exponentially fewer experiments than the number required by conventional experiments. This exponential advantage is shown for predicting properties of physical systems, performing quantum principal component analysis, and learning about physical dynamics. Furthermore, the quantum resources needed for achieving an exponential advantage are quite modest in some cases. Conducting experiments with 40 superconducting qubits and 1300 quantum gates, we demonstrated that a substantial quantum advantage is possible with today’s quantum processors.

中文翻译：

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从实验中学习的量子优势

量子技术有望彻底改变我们了解物理世界的方式。使用量子计算机处理量子数据的实验可能比使用经典计算机测量量子状态并处理结果的传统实验具有显着优势。我们证明，与传统实验所需的数量相比，量子机器可以从成倍减少的实验中学习。这种指数优势显示在预测物理系统的属性、执行量子主成分分析和了解物理动力学方面。此外，在某些情况下，实现指数优势所需的量子资源相当有限。用 40 个超导量子比特和 1300 个量子门进行实验，