Background:

Physical distancing associated with the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to suboptimal maternal mental health, social support after birth, and infant feeding practices.

Research Aims:

To compare breastfeeding prevalence in participants who were pregnant at a time when strict physical distancing measures were imposed in Fortaleza, the capital of Ceará state, Brazil, with the pre-pandemic breastfeeding levels, and to assess the association of breastfeeding prevalence with maternal common mental disorders, and sociodemographic and health predictors.

Method:

A cross-sectional prospective two-group comparison design using two population-based surveys was carried out in Fortaleza before and after the pandemic. Participants (n = 351) who had a live birth in Fortaleza in July or August 2020, and participants (n = 222) who had a child younger than 12 months in 2017 were surveyed. Crude and adjusted multinomial logistic regressions with robust variance were used to estimate risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:

Similar prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding were observed in 2021 (8.1%) and 2017 (8.5%; p = .790). An increase in predominant (2.2% vs. 13.4%; p < .001) and a decrease in complementary breastfeeding (64.0% vs. 48.4%; p = .037) was observed in 2021, compared to 2017. The prevalence of maternal common mental disorders also increased in 2021 (17.6% vs. 32.5%, p < .001). No statistically significant associations were found between breastfeeding patterns, maternal common mental disorders, and other predictors in 2017 or 2021.

Conclusions:

Participants who delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic delayed solid foods introduction and breastfed predominantly longer than participants during the pre-pandemic period. While common mental disorders significantly increased, they were not associated with differences in breastfeeding.

中文翻译：

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巴西东北部福塔莱萨 COVID-19 大流行之前和期间的母乳喂养实践

背景：

与 COVID-19 大流行相关的身体距离可能会导致孕产妇心理健康、出生后的社会支持和婴儿喂养方式欠佳。

研究目的：

比较在巴西塞阿拉州首府福塔莱萨实施严格的身体距离措施时怀孕的参与者的母乳喂养率与大流行前的母乳喂养水平，并评估母乳喂养率与母亲常见心理的关系疾病，以及社会人口和健康预测因素。

方法：

在大流行之前和之后在福塔莱萨进行了一项使用两项基于人群的调查的横断面前瞻性两组比较设计。调查了 2020 年 7 月或 8 月在福塔莱萨活产的参与者 ( n = 351) 和2017 年有 12 个月以下孩子的参与者 ( n = 222)。使用具有稳健方差的粗略和调整多项逻辑回归来估计风险比和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。

结果：

2021 年（8.1%）和 2017 年（8.5%； p = .790）观察到类似的纯母乳喂养流行率。与 2017 年相比，2021 年的主要母乳喂养增加（2.2% 对 13.4%；p < .001）和补充母乳喂养减少（64.0% 对 48.4%；p = .037）。精神障碍在 2021 年也有所增加（17.6% 对 32.5%，p < .001）。在 2017 年或 2021 年，母乳喂养模式、母亲常见精神障碍和其他预测因素之间没有发现统计学上的显着关联。

结论：

在 COVID-19 大流行期间分娩的参与者推迟了固体食物的引入，并且母乳喂养的时间主要比大流行前期间的参与者长。虽然常见的精神障碍显着增加，但它们与母乳喂养的差异无关。