INTRODUCTION The United States struggles with racial/ethnic disparities in STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) degrees and occupations. According to situated expectancy-value theory, the experience and knowledge parents gain through STEM degrees and occupations shape the STEM support they provide and relatedly their adolescents' STEM motivational beliefs. METHODS We analyzed data from the High School Longitudinal Study (N = 14,000; 50% female; Mage  = 14 years old at 9th grade), which is a recent U.S. data set that surveyed a nationally representative sample of adolescents. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Results showed that parent STEM support in 9th grade and adolescent STEM motivational beliefs in 11th grade were lower in families where parents did not have a STEM degree/occupation than in families where at least one parent had a STEM degree/occupation. Our within-group analyses suggested that parents' STEM support was generally positively related to adolescents' STEM motivational beliefs among families where parents did not have a STEM degree/occupation for all racial/ethnic groups except Black adolescents. However, these relations were not significant among adolescents who had a parent STEM degree/occupation. Furthermore, although Asian and White adolescents' parents were more likely to hold a STEM degree/occupation than Latina/o and Black adolescents' parents, the associations between parent STEM support and adolescents' STEM motivational beliefs emerged for Asian, Latina/o, and White adolescents.

中文翻译：

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父母学位/职业、父母支持和青少年在 STEM 中的动机信念之间的纵向关联。

简介 美国在 STEM（科学、技术、工程、数学）学位和职业方面存在种族/族裔差异。根据情境期望值理论，父母通过 STEM 学位和职业获得的经验和知识塑造了他们提供的 STEM 支持，并与他们的青少年的 STEM 动机信念相关。方法 我们分析了高中纵向研究（N = 14,000；50% 女性；Mage = 14 岁，9 年级）的数据，这是美国最近的一个数据集，调查了具有全国代表性的青少年样本。结果与结论 结果显示，与至少一位父母拥有 STEM 学位/职业的家庭相比，父母没有 STEM 学位/职业的家庭在 9 年级的父母 STEM 支持和 11 年级的青少年 STEM 动机信念较低。我们的组内分析表明，父母的 STEM 支持通常与家庭中的青少年 STEM 动机信念呈正相关，在这些家庭中，除了黑人青少年之外，父母没有所有种族/族裔群体的 STEM 学位/职业。然而，这些关系在父母拥有 STEM 学位/职业的青少年中并不显着。此外，尽管亚裔和白人青少年的父母比拉丁裔/o 和黑人青少年的父母更有可能持有 STEM 学位/职业，