Converting solar energy to fuels has attracted substantial interest over the past decades because it has the potential to sustainably meet the increasing global energy demand. However, achieving this potential requires significant technological advances. Polymer photoelectrodes are composed of earth-abundant elements, e.g. carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, which promise to be more economically sustainable than their inorganic counterparts. Furthermore, the electronic structure of polymer photoelectrodes can be more easily tuned to fit the solar spectrum than inorganic counterparts, promising a feasible practical application. As a fast-moving area, in particular, over the past ten years, we have witnessed an explosion of reports on polymer materials, including photoelectrodes, cocatalysts, device architectures, and fundamental understanding experimentally and theoretically, all of which have been detailed in this review. Furthermore, the prospects of this field are discussed to highlight the future development of polymer photoelectrodes.

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用于太阳能燃料生产的聚合物光电极：进展与挑战

在过去的几十年里，将太阳能转化为燃料引起了人们的极大兴趣，因为它有潜力可持续地满足全球不断增长的能源需求。然而，实现这一潜力需要重大的技术进步。聚合物光电极由地球上丰富的元素组成，例如碳、氮、氧、氢，它们比无机光电极更具经济可持续性。此外，与无机光电极相比，聚合物光电极的电子结构可以更容易地调整以适应太阳光谱，有望实现可行的实际应用。作为一个快速发展的领域，特别是在过去的十年中，我们目睹了有关聚合物材料的报告的爆炸式增长，包括光电极、助催化剂、器件架构以及实验和理论的基本理解，所有这些都在本报告中进行了详细介绍审查。此外，还讨论了该领域的前景，以突出聚合物光电极的未来发展。