Cellular organelles are highly specialized compartments with distinct functions. With the increasing resolution of detection methods, it is becoming clearer that same organelles may have different functions or properties not only within different cell populations of a tissue but also within the same cell. Dysfunction or altered function affects the organelle itself and may also lead to malignancies or undesirable cell death. To understand cellular function or dysfunction, it is therefore necessary to analyze cellular components at the single-organelle level. Here, we review the recent advances in analyzing cellular function at single-organelle resolution using high-parameter flow cytometry or multicolor confocal microscopy. We focus on the analysis of mitochondria, as they are organelles at the crossroads of various cellular signaling pathways and functions. However, most of the applied methods/technologies are transferable to any other organelle, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, or peroxisomes.

中文翻译：

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通过单细胞器分辨率分析线粒体


细胞器是高度专业化的区室，具有不同的功能。随着检测方法分辨率的提高，越来越清楚的是，相同的细胞器不仅在组织的不同细胞群内而且在同一细胞内可能具有不同的功能或特性。功能障碍或功能改变会影响细胞器本身，也可能导致恶性肿瘤或不良细胞死亡。因此，为了了解细胞功能或功能障碍，有必要在单细胞器水平上分析细胞成分。在这里，我们回顾了使用高参数流式细胞术或多色共聚焦显微镜以单细胞器分辨率分析细胞功能的最新进展。我们专注于线粒体的分析，因为它们是处于各种细胞信号传导途径和功能十字路口的细胞器。然而，大多数应用的方法/技术都可以转移到任何其他细胞器，例如内质网、溶酶体或过氧化物酶体。