The dramatic decrease in international trade costs in the second half of the nineteenth century led to a global trade boom. In this paper, we examine the consequences of greater openness to international trade for regional economic activity in a small, open economy during the first era of globalization. Specifically, we provide a quantitative assessment of the role that exposure to globalization played in industrialization in Canada between 1871 and 1891. Greater exposure to globalization leads to faster growth of manufacturing and the greater concentration of industry around entrepôts of trade between Canada and the rest of the world.

中文翻译：

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全球化和工业化在加拿大的传播，1871-1891 年

19 世纪下半叶国际贸易成本的急剧下降导致了全球贸易繁荣。在本文中，我们研究了在全球化的第一个时代，更大程度地开放国际贸易对小型开放经济体中的区域经济活动的影响。具体而言，我们对 1871 年至 1891 年期间在加拿大工业化进程中全球化所扮演的角色进行了定量评估。更多地参与全球化导致制造业增长更快，以及工业在加拿大与其他国家/地区之间的贸易转口港周围更加集中世界。