Fruiting shoots are comprised of leaves, fruits, and branches, which determine the grape yield and the quality of produce. Fruiting shoots are also the important structural unit for studying the relationship between the source and sink. The number of leaves, leaf area, photosynthetic activities, and density are directly or indirectly affecting the ability of the fruiting shoot to fix CO₂ and provide a carbon source for the fruit growth and development. ‘Summer Black’ is used as the main test material and observed certain differences in appearance, microstructure, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content (RWC), organic acids, carbohydrates, mineral elements, and photosynthetic capacity at different nodal leaves. The net photosynthetic rate (A) was significantly positively correlated with leaf shape parameters (the ratio between branch point to lobe tip and distal sinus to petiolar junction), leaf structure thickness, RWC, carotenoids, soluble sugars, and organic acids, but it was significantly negatively correlated with intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci), Chlorophyll b and phosphorus content. The variations in magnesium, water, glucose, and fructose content in leaves matched the expression patterns of aquaporin, magnesium transporter, and sugar metabolism-related genes in various nodal leaves. In addition, the physiological traits and photosynthetic capacity at different nodal leaves of ‘Shine Muscat’ and ‘Kyoho’ were similar to those of ‘Summer Black’. The results of this study will provide a reference for the differences in leaf sink–source effects at different nodes and provide a basis for reasonably removing leaves.

果芽由叶子、果实和枝条组成，它们决定了葡萄的产量和产品的质量。果梢也是研究源库关系的重要结构单元。叶片数、叶面积、光合活性和密度直接或间接影响果枝固定CO ₂的能力，为果实生长发育提供碳源。以“夏黑”为主要试验材料，观察不同节叶在外观、微观结构、光合色素、相对含水量（RWC）、有机酸、碳水化合物、矿质元素、光合能力等方面存在一定差异。净光合速率（A) 与叶片形状参数（分支点与叶尖和远窦与叶柄连接处的比率）、叶片结构厚度、RWC、类胡萝卜素、可溶性糖和有机酸呈显着正相关，但与细胞间 CO 呈显着负相关₂浓度（Ci)、叶绿素b和磷含量。叶片中镁、水、葡萄糖和果糖含量的变化与各种节叶中水通道蛋白、镁转运蛋白和糖代谢相关基因的表达模式相匹配。此外，'Shine Muscat'和'Kyoho'不同节叶的生理性状和光合能力与'Summer Black'相似。本研究结果将为不同节点叶片汇源效应差异提供参考，为合理去除叶片提供依据。