Prunus armeniaca L. is widely cultivated in the Mediterranean area including Southern Italy where local cultivars are recognized for their excellent quality. Gradual warming and abrupt variations of seasonal temperatures are expected to significantly impact the Mediterranean area with potential implications on many crops including apricot. In this scenario, the identification of physiological processes involved in heat-stress responses and the selection of genotypes resilient/tolerant to high temperatures and heat waves are necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate possible differences in flowering phenology and the effect of different temperatures on pollen functionality of 13 apricot cultivars traditionally cultivated in the Campania region (Southern Italy). According to phenological data collected in the field, the studied cultivars were grouped in early, intermediate, and late flowering cultivars. Single flower anthesis was on average 4.9 days in early and intermediate flowering cultivars, whereas late flowering cultivars showed a shorter duration (4.0 days). Pollen of flowers at balloon stage showed a uniformly high viability among all cultivars. To investigate on possible effects of temperature during the effective pollination period (EPP), pollen from the different cultivars was pre-incubated at 5 °C, 15 °C, and 25 °C for 48-h and germinability was then assessed after further 24 h in-vitro germination at the same temperature treatments. The first two temperature values correspond respectively to the minimum and maximum average temperatures of the local area; whereas 25 °C simulated the heat waves recently recorded in the farm during apricot flowering periods. As regard pollen germinability, 15 °C revealed to be the most suitable temperature for apricot pollen to germinate within the EPP. Conversely, 5 °C and 25 °C significantly reduced pollen germination in most cultivars and particularly in intermediate flowering cultivars. Noticeably, a few cultivars showed no difference in pollen germination under the different temperature treatments, preserving high pollen germinability (>70%) even at high temperatures. Overall, our findings highlighted that pollen germination is extremely sensitive to temperature with significant variations among apricot genotypes. Results confirmed that reproductive traits such as pollen germinability represent an important parameter to consider for monitoring fruit production, in the processes of cultivar selection for new orchard plantations and in breeding projects. Moreover, traditional apricot cultivars as those of the Campania region confirmed to be a precious source of genetic diversity possessing a significant pollen resilience to temperature changes.

亚美尼亚李L. 在地中海地区广泛种植，包括意大利南部，当地品种因其优良的品质而受到认可。预计逐渐变暖和季节性温度的突然变化将对地中海地区产生重大影响，并对包括杏在内的许多作物产生潜在影响。在这种情况下，有必要识别与热应激反应有关的生理过程，并选择对高温和热浪有弹性/耐受性的基因型。本研究的目的是调查开花物候的可能差异以及不同温度对坎帕尼亚地区（意大利南部）传统种植的 13 个杏品种花粉功能的影响。根据野外采集的物候资料，研究的品种分为早花、中花和晚花品种。早花和中花品种的单花开花时间平均为 4.9 天，而晚开花品种的开花持续时间较短（4.0 天）。气球期花粉在所有品种中均表现出较高的活力。为了研究有效授粉期 (EPP) 期间温度的可能影响，将来自不同品种的花粉在 5°C、15°C 和 25°C 下预孵育 48 小时，然后在进一步 24 小时后评估发芽率。 H 气球期花粉在所有品种中均表现出较高的活力。为了研究有效授粉期 (EPP) 期间温度的可能影响，将来自不同品种的花粉在 5°C、15°C 和 25°C 下预孵育 48 小时，然后在进一步 24 小时后评估发芽率。 H 气球期花粉在所有品种中均表现出较高的活力。为了研究有效授粉期 (EPP) 期间温度的可能影响，将来自不同品种的花粉在 5°C、15°C 和 25°C 下预孵育 48 小时，然后在进一步 24 小时后评估发芽率。 H体外在相同温度处理下发芽。前两个温度值分别对应局部区域的最低和最高平均温度；而 25 °C 则模拟了最近在杏花开花期间在农场记录的热浪。至于花粉的发芽能力，15 °C 是杏花粉在 EPP 内发芽的最合适温度。相反，5°C 和 25°C 显着降低了大多数品种的花粉发芽率，尤其是中间开花品种。值得注意的是，一些品种在不同温度处理下花粉发芽率没有差异，即使在高温下也保持较高的花粉发芽率（>70%）。全面的，我们的研究结果强调，花粉萌发对温度极为敏感，杏基因型之间存在显着差异。结果证实，在新果园种植园的品种选择过程和育种项目中，花粉发芽力等生殖性状是监测水果产量的重要参数。此外，坎帕尼亚地区的传统杏品种被证实是遗传多样性的宝贵来源，具有显着的花粉对温度变化的适应能力。