Zn-based batteries attract extensive attention as the next-generation energy storage devices for both electronics and large power grids due to the high capacity, energy density, low cost, and safety derived from the inherent properties of metallic Zn and the safety of aqueous electrolytes. Herein, the performance variations and critical issues of the Zn electrodes in the alkaline and neutral/slightly acid electrolytes are systematically investigated by evaluating the cycle stability, electrode reaction kinetics, and stripping/plating reversibility in three kinds of electrolytes, including ZnSO₄, Zn(CF₃SO₃)₂, and KOH+Zn(CH₃COO)₂. The lifespan of the Zn electrode in the neutral/slightly acid electrolytes is >1400% higher than the one in the alkaline electrolyte at a current density of 1 mA cm⁻². However, the Zn electrode in the alkaline solution exhibits better reaction kinetics and low polarization. Besides, in the neutral/slightly acid electrolytes, higher coulombic efficiency is obtained, corresponding to better stripping/plating reversibility. Therefore, research in neutral/slightly acid electrolytes should focus on elevating the electrode kinetics and reducing polarization, while in alkaline electrolytes, the dendrite, hydrogen evolution, and self-discharge should be treated to elevate the calendar life and reversibility. This work provides a guideline for further construction of high-performance Zn electrodes in different electrolyte systems.

由于金属锌的固有特性和水性电解质的安全性，锌基电池具有高容量、能量密度、低成本和安全性，作为电子和大电网的下一代储能装置受到广泛关注. _{在此，通过评估 ZnSO 4}、Zn三种电解质的循环稳定性、电极反应动力学和溶出/镀覆可逆性，系统地研究了 Zn 电极在碱性和中性/微酸性电解质中的性能变化和关键问题。(CF ₃ SO ₃ ) ₂和KOH+Zn(CH ₃ COO) ₂. ^{在电流密度为 1 mA cm -2}时，Zn 电极在中性/微酸性电解质中的寿命比碱性电解质中的寿命长 >1400%. 然而，碱性溶液中的锌电极表现出更好的反应动力学和低极化。此外，在中性/微酸性电解质中，获得了更高的库仑效率，对应于更好的剥离/电镀可逆性。因此，对中性/微酸性电解液的研究应侧重于提高电极动力学和减少极化，而在碱性电解液中，应处理枝晶、析氢和自放电以提高日历寿命和可逆性。这项工作为在不同电解质体系中进一步构建高性能锌电极提供了指导。