In order to improve the mechanical and thermal performance of traditional phenolic resins, nonpolar silica sol nanoparticles with different particle sizes were introduced into allyl phenolic resins with the presence of solvents. A series of allyl phenolic resins with various etherification degrees were designed and synthesized to investigate phase separation phenomenon between sol nanoparticles and allyl phenolic resins. Cured organic-inorganic hybrid samples for performance evaluation were then prepared under the pressure of 1 MPa and pressureless conditions at 250 °C, respectively. SEM observation results reveal that parameters of particle size, etherification degree, and pressure have remarkable influence on phase separation behaviors. Mechanical test and thermal stability evaluation using TGA, muffle furnace and butane torch burning tests prove that both mechanical performance and thermal stability of allyl phenolic resin could be extensively enhanced through the introduction of silica sol nanoparticles. This study provides fundamental understandings about functions and phase separation behaviors of silica sol nanoparticles in the phenolic resin matrix.

为了提高传统酚醛树脂的机械性能和热性能，在溶剂存在的情况下，将不同粒径的非极性硅溶胶纳米粒子引入烯丙基酚醛树脂中。设计合成了一系列不同醚化度的烯丙基酚醛树脂，研究了溶胶纳米粒子与烯丙基酚醛树脂的相分离现象。然后分别在 1 MPa 的压力和 250 °C 的无压条件下制备用于性能评估的固化有机-无机杂化样品。SEM观察结果表明，粒径、醚化度和压力等参数对相分离行为有显着影响。使用 TGA 进行机械测试和热稳定性评估，马弗炉和丁烷炬燃烧试验证明，通过引入硅溶胶纳米颗粒，烯丙基酚醛树脂的机械性能和热稳定性都得到了广泛的提高。本研究提供了关于硅溶胶纳米粒子在酚醛树脂基质中的功能和相分离行为的基本认识。