Diseases caused by pathogens continue to threaten the health of people around the world, especially with the emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new strategies that can replace antibiotic therapy. Novel nanomaterials represented by two-dimensional nanomaterials (2DNMs) have great application prospects in the field of antibacterial due to their tunable band gaps, special crystal structures, and limitations on carrier migration and thermal diffusion. In this review, several representative 2DNMs such as graphene, graphitized carbonitride and transition-metal dichalcogenides are reviewed and summarized including their research basis, progress, and prospects in the field of antibacterial. It starts with the introduction of the material, focusing on summarizing its inherent antibacterial properties and light-induced antibacterial properties. Specific strategies to optimize the antibacterial properties of 2DNMs are discussed. Finally, the challenges facing current antimicrobial 2DNMs are discussed and future prospects for the field are proposed based on the combination of photocatalysis and other germicidal technologies.

由病原体引起的疾病继续威胁着世界各地人们的健康，尤其是随着耐药性的出现。因此，迫切需要开发可以替代抗生素治疗的新策略。以二维纳米材料（2DNMs）为代表的新型纳米材料由于其可调节的带隙、特殊的晶体结构以及对载流子迁移和热扩散的限制，在抗菌领域具有巨大的应用前景。本文对石墨烯、石墨化碳氮化物和过渡金属二硫属化物等几种具有代表性的2DNMs进行综述，包括它们在抗菌领域的研究基础、进展和前景。它从材料的介绍开始，重点总结其固有的抗菌特性和光诱导抗菌特性。讨论了优化 2DNM 抗菌特性的具体策略。最后，讨论了当前抗菌 2DNMs 面临的挑战，并基于光催化和其他杀菌技术的结合提出了该领域的未来前景。