This study presents the first ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography–diode array detector (UHPSFC–DAD) assay for simultaneous quantitation of secoiridoids, iridoids, xanthones, and xanthone glycosides in Gentiana lutea L. Separation was reached within 12 min on an Acquity UPC² BEH 2-EP column using CO₂ and methanol with 5.5% water as mobile phases. Method validation for nine selected marker compounds (gentisin, isogentisin, swertiamarin, sweroside, gentiopicroside, loganic acid, amarogentin, gentioside, and its isomer) confirmed the assay’s sensitivity, linearity, precision, and accuracy. The practical applicability was proven by the analysis of 13 root specimens and 10 commercial liquid preparations (seven liqueurs and three clear spirits). In all root batches, the secoiridoid gentiopicroside dominated (2.1–5.6%) clearly over all other metabolites. In the liqueurs, the metabolite content and distribution were extremely variable: while gentiopicroside was the main compound in four liqueurs, sweroside dominated in one preparation and loganic acid in two others. In contrast, measurable amounts of the metabolites were not detected in any of the examined clear spirits.

中文翻译：

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UHPSFC-DAD 同时定量分析龙胆及其饮料中的主要生物活性化合物

本研究提出了第一个超高性能超临界流体色谱-二极管阵列检测器 (UHPSFC-DAD) 检测方法，用于同时定量黄龙胆中的环烯醚萜类化合物、环烯醚萜类化合物、呫吨酮类化合物和呫吨酮糖苷。在 Acquity UPC 上 12 分钟内即可实现分离² BEH 2-EP 柱使用CO ₂和甲醇及5.5%水作为流动相。对九种选定的标记化合物（龙胆苷、异龙胆苷、獐牙菜苦苷、獐牙菜苷、龙胆苦苷、马钱酸、苦苦苷、龙胆苷及其异构体）的方法验证证实了该测定的灵敏度、线性、精密度和准确度。通过对 13 个根标本和 10 种商业液体制剂（七种利口酒和三种清酒）的分析证明了其实际适用性。在所有根批次中，环烯醚萜苷龙胆苦苷明显优于所有其他代谢物（2.1-5.6%）。在利口酒中，代谢物含量和分布变化极大：虽然龙胆苦苷是四种利口酒中的主要化合物，但苦菜苷在一种制剂中占主导地位，马钱酸在另外两种利口酒中占主导地位。相比之下，在任何受检查的澄清烈酒中均未检测到可测量量的代谢物。