Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are insect vectors of epidemiologically important arboviruses owing to their behavior, physiology, morphology, and proximity to humans, which require incisive strategies to contain their spread. The failure of current arbovirus management plans and lack of fully effective treatments suggest that vector control by botanical insecticides could be an effective and safe strategy. Botanical insecticides are obtained from renewable sources and have complex chemical compositions, different modes of action, and selective toxicity for target organisms. In this review, we present the main control strategies for insects belonging to the genera Aedes, Culex, and Anopheles and discuss the possibility of using botanical insecticides in the integrated management of vectors. Numerous botanical insecticide formulations are presented, and their potential modes of action during the immature stages include damage to the egg exocorionic network and abnormal disruption of embryos, which result from deficiencies in egg chitinization, impairment of larval morphology, and inhibition or differential expression of enzymes, promoting changes in the digestive tract epithelium and reduced larval mobility, and impairment of external surfaces or the respiratory system of pupae, altering pupal swimming patterns. In adult insects, botanical insecticides can promote incomplete ecdysis, in addition to dysfunction of olfactory receptors, food traffic, and reproductive function. Thus, broad-spectrum botanical insecticides can be used to control the different stages of insect development. The contributions of nanotechnology to vector control should be further explored to enhance the insecticidal activity and stability of botanical insecticides under different conditions.

蚊子（双翅目：Culicidae）是流行病学上重要的虫媒病毒的昆虫载体，因为它们的行为、生理、形态和与人类接近，需要采取精辟的策略来控制它们的传播。当前虫媒病毒管理计划的失败和缺乏完全有效的治疗方法表明，通过植物杀虫剂控制病媒可能是一种有效且安全的策略。植物性杀虫剂取自可再生资源，具有复杂的化学成分、不同的作用方式和对目标生物的选择性毒性。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了伊蚊、库蚊和按蚊属昆虫的主要控制策略并讨论在病媒综合管理中使用植物杀虫剂的可能性。介绍了许多植物杀虫剂制剂，它们在未成熟阶段的潜在作用方式包括对卵外膜网络的损害和胚胎的异常破坏，这是由于卵几丁质化不足、幼虫形态受损以及酶的抑制或差异表达引起的。 ，促进消化道上皮细胞的变化，降低幼虫的活动性，损害蛹的外表面或呼吸系统，改变蛹的游泳模式。在成虫中，植物性杀虫剂除了会导致嗅觉受体、食物运输和生殖功能的功能障碍外，还可以促进不完全蜕皮。因此，广谱植物杀虫剂可用于控制昆虫发育的不同阶段。应进一步探索纳米技术对病媒控制的贡献，以提高植物杀虫剂在不同条件下的杀虫活性和稳定性。