Rapeseed (Brassica napus) oil is a main vegetable oil source in the world. The devastating disease of stem rot caused by the necrotrophic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and pod shattering led to a great yield loss in Brassica napus. S.sclerotiorum infects the rapeseed by the detached floral petals, in which the released ascospores land and germinate as mycelium, then the petals fall on the leaves at lower part of the rapeseed and heavily attacks the leaves and stems. The prevention of petal-shedding is a promising approach to avoid the stem rot damage, moreover, longer period of flowering time will bring rapeseed flower tourism a huge economic benefit. Notably, IDA (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION) and IDA-LIKE(IDL) protein control floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana. In our study, the precisely editing of two IDA homologues genes using CRISPR/Cas9 system in Brassica napus caused the petal attaching to the flower till pod mature and enhancing the silique dehiscence resistance. Incubating the S.sclerotiorum to petal showed the edited rapeseed avoiding the infection of S.sclerotiorum. RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated that in the editted plant, the genes involed in IDA pathway were regulated, while other genes keep unaltered. Investigation of agronomic traits showed that no positive the agronimic traits was introduced in editted plant. Our study demonstrated that mutation of two BnaIDAs creating a promising germplasm for disease avoidance, siliques shattering resistance and flowering period elongation which will contribute great to rapeseed industry.

中文翻译：

---

甘蓝型油菜BnaIDA编辑实现的防病、抗长角果和延长开花期的三重奏

油菜籽（Brassica napus）油是世界上主要的植物油来源。由坏死性真菌核盘菌和破荚引起的茎腐病破坏性病害导致欧洲油菜产量大幅下降。核盘菌通过脱落的花瓣侵染油菜，释放的子囊孢子落地后形成菌丝体发芽，花瓣落在油菜下部的叶片上，重创叶片和茎干。防止花瓣脱落是避免茎腐病害的有效途径，而且较长的开花时间将为油菜花卉旅游带来巨大的经济效益。值得注意的是，IDA (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION) 和 IDA-LIKE (IDL) 蛋白控制拟南芥的花器官脱落。在我们的研究中，利用CRISPR/Cas9系统对欧洲油菜中的两个IDA同源基因进行精确编辑，使花瓣附着在花上直至豆荚成熟，增强了长角果开裂的抗性。将核盘菌培养至花瓣显示编辑后的油菜避免了核盘菌的感染。RNA-Seq 分析表明，在编辑后的植物中，参与 IDA 途径的基因受到调节，而其他基因保持不变。农艺性状调查表明，编辑后的植物中没有引入阳性农艺性状。我们的研究表明，两个BnaIDAs的突变为油菜籽产业提供了一种有前景的抗病、抗长角果和延长开花期的种质资源。