To improve the sound quality of hearing devices, equalization filters can be used to achieve acoustic transparency, i.e., listening with the device in the ear is perceptually similar to the open ear. The equalization filter needs to ensure that the superposition of the equalized signal played by the device and the signal leaking through the device into the ear canal matches a processed version of the signal reaching the eardrum of the open ear. Depending on the processing delay of the hearing device, comb-filtering artifacts can occur due to this superposition, which may degrade the perceived sound quality. In this paper, we propose a unified least-squares-based procedure to design single- and multi-loudspeaker equalization filters for hearing devices aimed at achieving acoustic transparency. To account for non-minimum phase components, we utilize a so-called group delay compensation. To reduce comb-filtering artifacts, we propose to use a frequency-dependent regularization. Experimental results using measured acoustic transfer functions from a multi-loudspeaker earpiece show that the proposed equalization filter design procedure results in robust acoustic transparency and reduces the impact of comb-filtering artifacts. A comparison between single- and multi-loudspeaker equalization shows that for both cases a robust equalization performance can be achieved for different desired open ear transfer functions.

中文翻译：

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用于听力设备的稳健的基于最小二乘的单扬声器和多扬声器均衡

为了提高听力设备的音质，可以使用均衡滤波器来实现声学透明度，即用耳朵听设备在感觉上类似于张开耳朵。均衡滤波器需要确保设备播放的均衡信号与通过设备泄漏到耳道的信号的叠加与到达开耳鼓膜的信号的处理版本相匹配。根据听力设备的处理延迟，由于这种叠加，可能会出现梳状滤波伪影，这可能会降低感知的声音质量。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于统一最小二乘法的程序来设计用于听力设备的单扬声器和多扬声器均衡滤波器，以实现声学透明度。为了考虑非最小相位分量，我们利用所谓的群延迟补偿。为了减少梳状滤波伪影，我们建议使用频率相关的正则化。使用来自多扬声器耳机的测量的声学传递函数的实验结果表明，所提出的均衡滤波器设计程序导致稳健的声学透明度并减少梳状滤波伪影的影响。单扬声器均衡和多扬声器均衡之间的比较表明，对于这两种情况，可以针对不同的所需开耳传递函数实现稳健的均衡性能。使用来自多扬声器耳机的测量的声学传递函数的实验结果表明，所提出的均衡滤波器设计程序导致稳健的声学透明度并减少梳状滤波伪影的影响。单扬声器均衡和多扬声器均衡之间的比较表明，对于这两种情况，可以针对不同的所需开耳传递函数实现稳健的均衡性能。使用来自多扬声器耳机的测量的声学传递函数的实验结果表明，所提出的均衡滤波器设计程序导致稳健的声学透明度并减少梳状滤波伪影的影响。单扬声器均衡和多扬声器均衡之间的比较表明，对于这两种情况，可以针对不同的所需开耳传递函数实现稳健的均衡性能。