Effects of Protein Supplementation Associated with Resistance Training on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews with Meta-analyses,Sports Medicine

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Effects of Protein Supplementation Associated with Resistance Training on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews with Meta-analyses
Sports Medicine ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01704-0
Alexandra Ferreira Vieira _{1,

2} , Juliana Souza Santos ₃ , Rochelle Rocha Costa ₂ , Eduardo Lusa Cadore ₁ , Rodrigo Cauduro Oliveira Macedo ₄

Affiliation

Background

There are some controversial findings regarding the benefits of combining protein supplementation with resistance training in order to optimize adaptations to training in older adults.

Objective

The aim of this review was to summarize the evidence from meta-analyses assessing the effects of protein supplementation combined with resistance training on body composition and muscle strength in the older population.

Methods

We included systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials that examined the effects of protein and/or amino acid supplementation associated with resistance training compared with resistance training alone on lean body mass, muscle mass, and muscle strength in older people. The search was performed using the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Google Scholar, and OpenGrey databases. Methodological quality was assessed using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 checklist, and the quality of evidence was determined using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. The pooled effect estimates were computed from the standardized mean difference and the 95% confidence interval achieved by each meta-analysis, using random effects models.

Results

Five reviews were included, all of moderate methodological quality. In the analyses, protein supplementation combined with resistance training was associated with greater increases in lean body mass and muscle mass when compared with resistance training alone. However, no differences were observed between the interventions on muscle strength increases. The quality of evidence ranged from moderate to very low.

Conclusion

Protein supplementation associated with resistance training induces greater increases in lean body mass compared with resistance training alone. In addition, it is suggested that the use of protein supplementation enhances gains in muscle mass but does not promote greater increases in muscle strength.

中文翻译：

与阻力训练相关的蛋白质补充对老年人身体成分和肌肉力量的影响：系统评价与荟萃分析的系统评价

背景

关于将蛋白质补充剂与阻力训练相结合以优化老年人对训练的适应性的好处，存在一些有争议的发现。

客观的

本综述的目的是总结来自荟萃分析的证据，评估蛋白质补充与阻力训练相结合对老年人身体成分和肌肉力量的影响。

方法

我们纳入了随机临床试验的系统评价和荟萃分析，这些试验检查了与阻力训练相关的蛋白质和/或氨基酸补充剂与单独的阻力训练相比对老年人的瘦体重、肌肉质量和肌肉力量的影响。使用 MEDLINE (PubMed)、Embase、Cochrane 系统评价数据库、Google Scholar 和 OpenGrey 数据库进行搜索。方法学质量使用评估系统评价的方法学质量检查表 2 进行评估，证据质量使用建议评估、制定和评估系统的分级来确定。使用随机效应模型，根据每个荟萃分析获得的标准化平均差和 95% 置信区间计算合并效应估计值。