Plant diseases caused by viruses limit crop production and quality, resulting in significant losses. However, options for managing viruses are limited; for example, as systemic obligate parasites, they cannot be killed by chemicals. Sensitive, robust, affordable diagnostic assays are needed to detect the presence of viruses in plant materials such as seeds, vegetative parts, insect vectors, or alternative hosts and then prevent or limit their introduction into the field by destroying infected plant materials or controlling insect hosts. Diagnostics based on biological and physical properties are not very sensitive and are time-consuming, but assays based on viral proteins and nucleic acids are more specific, sensitive, and rapid. However, most such assays require laboratories with sophisticated equipment and technical skills. By contrast, isothermal-based assays such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) are simple, easy to perform, reliable, specific, and rapid and do not require specialized equipment or skills. Isothermal amplification assays can be performed using lateral flow devices, making them suitable for onsite detection or testing in the field. To overcome non-specific amplification and cross-contamination issues, isothermal amplification assays can be coupled with CRISPR/Cas technology. Indeed, the collateral activity associated with some CRISPR/Cas systems has been successfully harnessed for visual detection of plant viruses. Here, we briefly describe traditional methods for detecting viruses and then examine the various isothermal assays that are being harnessed to detect viruses.

中文翻译：

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使用等温扩增测定现场检测植物病毒

病毒引起的植物病害限制了农作物的产量和质量，造成重大损失。然而，管理病毒的选项是有限的；例如，作为系统性专性寄生虫，它们不能被化学品杀死。需要灵敏、稳健、负担得起的诊断测定来检测植物材料（如种子、营养部分、昆虫媒介或替代宿主）中病毒的存在，然后通过破坏受感染的植物材料或控制昆虫宿主来防止或限制它们进入田间。基于生物和物理特性的诊断不是很灵敏且耗时，但基于病毒蛋白和核酸的检测更特异、灵敏且快速。然而，大多数此类测定需要具有先进设备和技术技能的实验室。相比之下，基于等温的测定，例如环介导等温扩增 (LAMP) 和重组酶聚合酶扩增 (RPA) 简单、易于执行、可靠、特异且快速，不需要专门的设备或技能。等温扩增测定可以使用侧流装置进行，使其适合现场检测或现场测试。为了克服非特异性扩增和交叉污染问题，等温扩增测定可以与 CRISPR/Cas 技术相结合。事实上，与一些 CRISPR/Cas 系统相关的附带活性已成功用于植物病毒的视觉检测。在这里，我们简要描述了检测病毒的传统方法，然后检查了用于检测病毒的各种等温测定法。