As many schools and departments are considering the removal of the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) from their graduate-school admission processes to enhance equity and diversity in higher education, controversies arise. From a psychometric perspective, we see a critical need for clarifying the meanings of measurement “bias” and “fairness” to create common ground for constructive discussions within the field of psychology, higher education, and beyond. We critically evaluate six major sources of information that are widely used to help inform graduate-school admissions decisions: grade point average, personal statements, resumes/curriculum vitae, letters of recommendation, interviews, and GRE. We review empirical research evidence available to date on the validity, bias, and fairness issues associated with each of these admission measures and identify potential issues that have been overlooked in the literature. We conclude by suggesting several directions for practical steps to improve the current admissions decisions and highlighting areas in which future research would be beneficial.

由于许多学校和部门正在考虑从他们的研究生院录取过程中取消研究生入学考试 (GRE) 以提高高等教育的公平性和多样性，因此出现了争议。从心理测量的角度来看，我们认为迫切需要澄清测量“偏见”和“公平”的含义，以便为心理学、高等教育及其他领域的建设性讨论创造共同基础。我们批判性地评估广泛用于帮助为研究生院录取决定提供信息的六大主要信息来源：平均绩点、个人陈述、简历/履历、推荐信、面试和 GRE。我们回顾了迄今为止关于有效性、偏见、与这些录取措施相关的公平问题，并确定文献中被忽视的潜在问题。最后，我们提出了改进当前录取决定的实际步骤的几个方向，并强调了未来研究将有益的领域。