As a natural biomolecule, DNA shows excellent bio-friendliness, programmability and modifiability, and is an attractive building block for constructing nanostructures. In parallel, functional DNAs, such as DNAzyme with catalytic activity and aptamer with specific recognition function, which are easy to be prepared in vitro and show thrilling biological characteristics, play an emerging role in biology. The combination of DNA nanostructures and functional DNAs catalyzes the emergence of a series of functional nanosystems. In recent years, nano-products based on DNA nanostructures and DNAzyme have shown much more advantages and potential than traditional strategies in multiple fields, especially biosensing, bioimaging and disease treatment. And DNAzyme-integrated DNA nanostructures have become the focus of research and application, not least because of high sensitivity, low limit of detection, and low toxicity. In this review, we describe the selection of appealing DNAzyme by SELEX and preparation of DNAzyme-integrated DNA nanostructures, with emphasis on their application in biosensing and bioimaging of metal ions, nucleic acids, protein, enzyme activity, exosomes, cancer cells and bacterium, as well as targeted cancer therapy. Additionally, we discuss the challenges that these emerging nanostructures may encounter in practical application, and also conclude with a brief outlook on their bright prospect in more fields and multidisciplinary cooperation.

作为一种天然生物分子，DNA 显示出优异的生物友好性、可编程性和可修饰性，是构建纳米结构的有吸引力的构件。与此同时，具有催化活性的脱氧核糖核酸酶和具有特异性识别功能的适体等易于体外制备并显示出令人兴奋的生物学特性的功能性DNA在生物学中发挥着新兴的作用。DNA纳米结构和功能性DNA的结合催化了一系列功能性纳米系统的出现。近年来，基于DNA纳米结构和DNAzyme的纳米产品在生物传感、生物成像和疾病治疗等多个领域比传统策略显示出更多的优势和潜力。而DNAzyme整合的DNA纳米结构已成为研究和应用的重点，尤其是因为高灵敏度、低检测限和低毒性。在这篇综述中，我们描述了通过 SELEX 选择吸引人的 DNAzyme 以及制备 DNAzyme 整合的 DNA 纳米结构，重点介绍了它们在金属离子、核酸、蛋白质、酶活性、外泌体、癌细胞和细菌的生物传感和生物成像中的应用，以及靶向癌症治疗。此外，我们讨论了这些新兴纳米结构在实际应用中可能遇到的挑战，并简要展望了它们在更多领域和多学科合作中的光明前景。重点研究其在金属离子、核酸、蛋白质、酶活性、外泌体、癌细胞和细菌的生物传感和生物成像以及靶向癌症治疗中的应用。此外，我们讨论了这些新兴纳米结构在实际应用中可能遇到的挑战，并简要展望了它们在更多领域和多学科合作中的光明前景。重点研究其在金属离子、核酸、蛋白质、酶活性、外泌体、癌细胞和细菌的生物传感和生物成像以及靶向癌症治疗中的应用。此外，我们讨论了这些新兴纳米结构在实际应用中可能遇到的挑战，并简要展望了它们在更多领域和多学科合作中的光明前景。