Major advances in biomedical imaging have occurred over the last 2 decades and now allow many physiological, cellular, and molecular processes to be imaged noninvasively in small animal models of cardiovascular disease. Many of these techniques can be also used in humans, providing pathophysiological context and helping to define the clinical relevance of the model. Ultrasound remains the most widely used approach, and dedicated high-frequency systems can obtain extremely detailed images in mice. Likewise, dedicated small animal tomographic systems have been developed for magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, fluorescence imaging, and computed tomography in mice. In this article, we review the use of ultrasound and positron emission tomography in small animal models, as well as emerging contrast mechanisms in magnetic resonance such as diffusion tensor imaging, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance, chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging, magnetic resonance elastography and strain, arterial spin labeling, and molecular imaging.

中文翻译：

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心血管疾病实验模型中的生物医学成像

在过去的 20 年里，生物医学成像取得了重大进展，现在可以在心血管疾病的小动物模型中对许多生理、细胞和分子过程进行非侵入性成像。许多这些技术也可用于人类，提供病理生理学背景并帮助定义模型的临床相关性。超声波仍然是使用最广泛的方法，专用的高频系统可以在小鼠体内获得极其详细的图像。同样，已经开发出专用的小动物断层扫描系统，用于小鼠的磁共振、正电子发射断层扫描、荧光成像和计算机断层扫描。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了超声波和正电子发射断层扫描在小动物模型中的应用，