The topography of the Himalaya exerts a substantial control on the spatial distribution of monsoonal rainfall, which is a vital water source for the regional economy and population. But the occurrence of short-lived and high-intensity precipitation results in socio-economic losses. This study relies on 40 years of daily data from 204 ground stations in Nepal to derive extreme precipitation thresholds, amounts, and days at the 95th percentile. We additionally determine the precipitation magnitude-frequency relation. We observe that extreme precipitation amounts follow an almost uniform band parallel to topographic contour lines in the southern Himalaya mountains in central and eastern Nepal but not in western Nepal. The relationship of extreme precipitation indices with topographic relief shows that extreme precipitation thresholds decrease with increasing elevation, but extreme precipitation days increase in higher elevation areas. Furthermore, stations above 1 km elevation exhibit a power-law relation in the rainfall magnitude-frequency framework. Stations at higher elevations generally have lower values of power-law exponents than low elevation areas. This suggests a fundamentally different behaviour of the rainfall distribution and an increased occurrence of extreme rainfall storms in the high elevation areas of Nepal.

喜马拉雅的地形对季风降雨的空间分布有很大的控制作用，而季风降雨是区域经济和人口的重要水源。但短命高强度降水的发生造成社会经济损失。这项研究依赖于尼泊尔 204 个地面站 40 年的每日数据，以得出第 95 个百分位的极端降水阈值、数量和天数。我们还确定了降水量频关系。我们观察到极端降水量遵循与尼泊尔中部和东部喜马拉雅山脉南部地形等高线平行的几乎均匀的带，但在尼泊尔西部则不然。极端降水指数与地形起伏的关系表明，极端降水阈值随海拔升高而降低，但高海拔地区极端降水日数增加。此外，海拔 1 公里以上的台站在降雨量-频率框架中表现出幂律关系。与低海拔地区相比，海拔较高的站点通常具有较低的幂律指数值。这表明尼泊尔高海拔地区的降雨分布具有根本不同的行为以及极端降雨风暴的发生率增加。与低海拔地区相比，海拔较高的站点通常具有较低的幂律指数值。这表明尼泊尔高海拔地区的降雨分布具有根本不同的行为以及极端降雨风暴的发生率增加。与低海拔地区相比，海拔较高的站点通常具有较低的幂律指数值。这表明尼泊尔高海拔地区的降雨分布具有根本不同的行为以及极端降雨风暴的发生率增加。