Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women around the world, having a sudden spread nowadays because of the poor sedentary lifestyle of people. Comprising several subtypes, one of the most dangerous and aggressive ones is triple-negative breast cancer or TNBC. Even though conventional surgical approaches like single and double mastectomy and preventive chemotherapeutic approaches are available, they are not selective to cancer cells and are only for symptomatic treatment. A new branch called nanotechnology has emerged in the last few decades that offers various novel characteristics, such as size in nanometric scale, enhanced adherence to multiple targeting moieties, active and passive targeting, controlled release, and site-specific targeting. Among various nanotherapeutic approaches like dendrimers, lipid-structured nanocarriers, carbon nanotubes, etc., nanoparticle targeted therapeutics can be termed the best among all for their specific cytotoxicity to cancer cells and increased bioavailability to a target site. This review focuses on the types and molecular pathways involving TNBC, existing treatment strategies, various nanotechnological approaches like exosomes, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, lipid, and carbon-based nanocarriers, and especially various nanoparticles (NPs) like polymeric, photodynamic, peptide conjugated, antibody-conjugated, metallic, inorganic, natural product capped, and CRISPR based nanoparticles already approved for treatment or are under clinical and pre-clinical trials for TNBC.

中文翻译：

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治疗三阴性乳腺癌的纳米技术方法：综合回顾。

乳腺癌是全球女性中发病率最高的癌症，如今由于人们久坐不动的生活方式而突然蔓延。包括几种亚型，最危险和最具侵略性的亚型之一是三阴性乳腺癌或 TNBC。尽管可以使用单侧和双侧乳房切除术等常规手术方法以及预防性化疗方法，但它们对癌细胞没有选择性，仅用于对症治疗。在过去的几十年中出现了一个称为纳米技术的新分支，它提供了各种新颖的特征，例如纳米尺度的尺寸、增强对多个靶向部分的粘附、主动和被动靶向、受控释放和位点特异性靶向。在树枝状聚合物、脂质结构纳米载体等各种纳米治疗方法中，碳纳米管等，纳米颗粒靶向治疗可以被称为最好的，因为它们对癌细胞具有特定的细胞毒性，并增加了对靶点的生物利用度。本综述侧重于涉及 TNBC 的类型和分子途径、现有治疗策略、各种纳米技术方法，如外泌体、碳纳米管、树枝状聚合物、脂质和碳基纳米载体，尤其是各种纳米粒子 (NPs)，如聚合物、光动力、肽共轭、抗体偶联的、金属的、无机的、天然产物封端的和基于 CRISPR 的纳米颗粒已经被批准用于治疗或正在进行 TNBC 的临床和临床前试验。纳米颗粒靶向疗法因其对癌细胞的特定细胞毒性和增加对靶位点的生物利用度而被称为所有疗法中最好的。本综述侧重于涉及 TNBC 的类型和分子途径、现有治疗策略、各种纳米技术方法，如外泌体、碳纳米管、树枝状聚合物、脂质和碳基纳米载体，尤其是各种纳米粒子 (NPs)，如聚合物、光动力、肽共轭、抗体偶联的、金属的、无机的、天然产物封端的和基于 CRISPR 的纳米颗粒已经被批准用于治疗或正在进行 TNBC 的临床和临床前试验。纳米颗粒靶向疗法因其对癌细胞的特定细胞毒性和增加对靶位点的生物利用度而被称为所有疗法中最好的。本综述侧重于涉及 TNBC 的类型和分子途径、现有治疗策略、各种纳米技术方法，如外泌体、碳纳米管、树枝状聚合物、脂质和碳基纳米载体，尤其是各种纳米粒子 (NPs)，如聚合物、光动力、肽共轭、抗体偶联的、金属的、无机的、天然产物封端的和基于 CRISPR 的纳米颗粒已经被批准用于治疗或正在进行 TNBC 的临床和临床前试验。