Feeding probiotics like live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii (SB) in pig diets has been suggested to preserve health and reduce antibiotic use during critical periods like weaning. This study was conducted to determine whether SB added in the diet of sows during the last 2 mo of gestation and the 4 wk of lactation may contribute to supporting health and performance of piglets before and after weaning through changes in sow physiology, milk composition and fecal microbiota. Crossbred sows (n=45) from parity 1 to 9 were allocated to two dietary treatments, Control (n=23) and SB (n=22). Sows in the SB group were fed the same standard gestation then lactation diet as the Control sows but with the addition of SB at 1x10 9 colony forming units/kg of feed. Piglets were weaned under challenging conditions consisting in mixing of litters, no pen cleaning and a 2-h period of non-optimal temperature exposure. Blood and feces were collected from sows on d 28 and 113 of gestation and d 6 (feces only) and 28 of lactation, and from piglets on d 6 (feces) and 28 of lactation and d 5 after weaning. Colostrum was collected during parturition and milk on d 6 of lactation. Supplementation of sow diets with SB influenced the fecal microbiota of the sows and their piglets. Five days after weaning, the alpha-diversity was lower (P < 0.05) in piglets from SB sows than in piglets from Control sows. Analysis of microbiota with Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis discriminated feces from SB sows from that of Control sows at 110 d of gestation (29.4% error rate). Piglet feces could also be discriminated according to the diet of their mother, with a better discrimination early after birth (d 6 of lactation) than after weaning (d 5 post-weaning, 3.4% vs 12.7% error rate). Five d after weaning, piglets had greater white blood cell count, plasma haptoglobin concentration, and oxidative stress than before weaning (P <0.001). Nevertheless, SB supplementation in sow diets had no effect (P > 0.05) on most of health criteria measured in blood and growth performance of piglets during lactation and the post-weaning period. Moreover, dietary supplementation of SB to sows did not elicit any changes (P > 0.05) in their reproductive performance, metabolic and health status, nor in the immunoglobulin and nutrient concentration of colostrum and milk. In the present experimental conditions, feeding SB to sows influenced sow and piglet microbiota with no consequences on their health and performance.

中文翻译：

---

妊娠期和哺乳期母猪日粮中添加活酵母对母猪和仔猪粪便微生物群、健康和生产性能的影响

喂养益生菌，如活酵母酿酒酵母变种。猪日粮中的布拉氏菌 (SB) 已被建议在断奶等关键时期保持健康并减少抗生素的使用。本研究旨在确定在妊娠最后 2 个月和哺乳期 4 周期间在母猪日粮中添加 SB 是否有助于通过母猪生理机能、乳汁成分和粪便的变化来支持断奶前后仔猪的健康和生产性能微生物群。从第 1 胎到第 9 胎的杂交母猪 (n=45) 被分配到两种日粮处理，对照 (n=23) 和 SB (n=22)。SB 组中的母猪饲喂与对照母猪相同的标准妊娠期和哺乳期饮食，但添加了 1x10 9 菌落形成单位/kg 饲料的 SB。仔猪在具有挑战性的条件下断奶，包括混窝，没有笔清洁和 2 小时的非最佳温度暴露时间。在妊娠第 28 天和第 113 天以及哺乳第 6 天（仅粪便）和第 28 天从母猪收集血液和粪便，并在哺乳第 6 天和第 28 天以及断奶后第 5 天从仔猪收集血液和粪便。初乳在分娩时收集，牛奶在哺乳期第 6 天收集。在母猪日粮中添加 SB 会影响母猪及其仔猪的粪便微生物群。断奶后五天，SB 母猪的仔猪的 α 多样性低于对照母猪的仔猪 (P < 0.05)。在妊娠 110 天时，使用偏最小二乘法判别分析对微生物群进行的分析将 SB 母猪的粪便与对照母猪的粪便区分开来（错误率为 29.4%）。仔猪粪便也可以根据其母亲的饮食进行区分，出生后早期（哺乳期第 6 天）比断奶后（断奶后第 5 天，错误率分别为 3.4% 和 12.7%）具有更好的辨别力。断奶后5天，仔猪的白细胞计数、血浆结合珠蛋白浓度和氧化应激均高于断奶前（P <0.001）。尽管如此，在母猪日粮中添加 SB 对哺乳期和断奶后仔猪的血液和生长性能测量的大多数健康标准没有影响 (P > 0.05)。此外，在母猪的日粮中补充 SB 不会引起它们的繁殖性能、代谢和健康状况发生任何变化 (P > 0.05)，初乳和牛奶的免疫球蛋白和营养浓度也不会发生变化。在目前的实验条件下，