Transparent, High-Charge Capacity Metal Mesh Electrode for Reversible Metal Electrodeposition Dynamic Windows with Dark-State Transmission <0.1%,Advanced Energy Materials

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Transparent, High-Charge Capacity Metal Mesh Electrode for Reversible Metal Electrodeposition Dynamic Windows with Dark-State Transmission <0.1%
Advanced Energy Materials ( IF 24.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-09 , DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202200854
Andrew L. Yeang ₁ , Tyler S. Hernandez _{1,

2} , Michael T. Strand _{1,

3} , Daniel J. Slotcavage ₃ , Eldho Abraham _{4,

5} , Ivan I. Smalyukh _{4,

5,

6} , Christopher J. Barile ₇ , Michael D. McGehee _{1,

5,

6,

8}

Affiliation

Dynamic windows allow user control over light and heat flow to save energy and maximize comfort. Reversible metal electrodeposition (RME) dynamic windows can uniquely tint to a color-neutral privacy state (0.1% visible light transmission). The design parameters of transparent metal mesh counter electrodes for high-contrast RME dynamic windows: high transparency, charge capacity and surface area with low haze, sheet resistance and cost are discussed, concluding that woven metal meshes meet these design parameters. Electroplated current is measured on an indium tin oxide electrode and two meshes with different wire spacings, showing the meshes’ cylindrical geometry enable them to draw more current per square area. The mesh material composition is analyzed to ensure cycling durability in a CuBi electrolyte by developing a transparent mesh with an inert core (stainless steel, SS), a thin Au coating, and a high charge-capacity (1.5 C cm⁻²) CuBi outer coating. The study demonstrates that the films maintain a consistent Cu:Bi ratio and optical properties after 250 privacy cycles or 1500 cycles to 10% transmission, showing that the Cu and Bi coating is effective in keeping the films from becoming Cu rich with cycling. Finally, a 100 cm² device with excellent uniformity and color neutrality is demonstrated.

中文翻译：

用于可逆金属电沉积动态窗口的透明、高电荷容量金属网电极，暗态透射率 <0.1%

动态窗户允许用户控制光和热流，以节省能源并最大限度地提高舒适度。可逆金属电沉积 (RME) 动态窗口可以独特地着色为颜色中性隐私状态（0.1% 可见光透射）。讨论了用于高对比度RME动态窗的透明金属网对电极的设计参数：高透明度、电荷容量和低雾度的表面积、薄层电阻和成本，得出编织金属网满足这些设计参数的结论。电镀电流是在氧化铟锡电极和具有不同线间距的两个网格上测量的，显示网格的圆柱形几何形状使它们能够在每平方面积上吸收更多电流。分析网状材料成分以确保在 Cu 中的循环耐久性通过开发具有惰性芯（不锈钢，SS）、薄 Au 涂层和高充电容量（1.5 C cm ^-2）Cu  Bi 外涂层的透明网格来制备 Bi 电解质。该研究表明，薄膜在 250 次隐私循环或 1500 次循环至 10% 透射后保持一致的 Cu:Bi 比率和光学特性，表明 Cu 和 Bi 涂层可有效防止薄膜因循环而变得富含 Cu。最后，展示了具有出色均匀性和颜色中性的 100 cm ^2设备。

更新日期：2022-06-09

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