Lower gastrointestinal (GI) diseases and associated symptoms account for a large number of health care visits each year. Many women visit their obstetrician-gynecologists more often than their primary care physicians or use them as primary health care providers. Many gynecologic and lower GI disorders share symptoms, such as lower abdominal or pelvic pain and bloating. Some diseases are more common in women compared with men, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or warrant special consideration in women, for example, for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This monograph outlines the major diseases that affect the lower GI tract and reviews epidemiology, pathology, presentation, and treatment of these diseases. Concerns specific to women are addressed, including reproductive issues, changes in GI physiology during pregnancy, and management of lower GI disease during pregnancy.

中文翻译：

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下胃肠道疾病：妇女保健初级和预防保健审查的临床更新。

下消化道 (GI) 疾病和相关症状导致每年有大量的医疗保健就诊。许多妇女比初级保健医生更频繁地拜访她们的妇产科医生或将其用作初级保健提供者。许多妇科和下消化道疾病有共同的症状，例如下腹部或骨盆疼痛和腹胀。与男性相比，某些疾病在女性中更为常见，例如肠易激综合征 (IBS)，或者在女性中需要特别考虑，例如炎症性肠病 (IBD)。本专着概述了影响下消化道的主要疾病，并回顾了这些疾病的流行病学、病理学、表现和治疗。解决了女性特有的问题，包括生殖问题、怀孕期间胃肠道生理的变化、