Direct fire, indirect heat, and extinguishing water cause great damage to cultural assets upon a fire disaster in a library or archive. Conservation and restoration of heat-damaged papers are particularly challenging due to the complexity and severity of the damage. Since valuable originals obviously cannot be used for the development of treatment methods and only to a limited extent for the analysis of the damage, it is necessary to produce model paper materials that have a high degree of similarity to fire-damaged papers, which was addressed in the present study. Three different heating methods were tested to produce model papers of different heating levels. Their altered optical, structural, and chemical properties were analyzed and compared with the results of original fire-damaged samples. The study points out pathways to enable the production of comparable sample materials. Heating between hot plates or in an oven produces papers that have properties quite similar to the originals in terms of surface area, paper structure, cellulose integrity, and interactions with water. Stack heating in the oven has proven to be a particularly effective manufacturing method for larger quantities of model papers.

图书馆或档案馆发生火灾时，直接火灾、间接加热和灭火水对文化资产造成巨大破坏。由于损坏的复杂性和严重性，热损坏纸张的保护和修复尤其具有挑战性。由于有价值的原件显然不能用于处理方法的开发，只能在有限的范围内用于损伤分析，因此需要制作与火灾损伤纸具有高度相似性的模型纸材料，这一点已得到解决在目前的研究中。测试了三种不同的加热方法，以生产不同加热水平的模型纸。分析了它们改变的光学、结构和化学特性，并与原始火灾损坏样品的结果进行了比较。该研究指出了能够生产可比样品材料的途径。在热板之间或在烘箱中加热产生的纸张在表面积、纸张结构、纤维素完整性和与水的相互作用方面与原始纸张具有非常相似的特性。事实证明，烘箱中的叠层加热对于大量模型纸来说是一种特别有效的制造方法。