Studies of refugee belonging, as a key facet of integration, primarily focus on post-flight processes. Adopting an approach to integration that is temporally and spatially broader, this article argues that refugees’ varied experiences of belonging or estrangement in origin countries fundamentally condition their subsequent experiences of belonging or estrangement in settlement countries. To explore this argument, the article develops a framework that distinguishes between the psychosocial and locational aspects of home, identifying five distinct categories of experience: home in the homeland, exile in the homeland, exile outside the homeland, home outside the homeland, or overlaps of exile and home across borders. The article illustrates these categories in the Syrian case, using original interviews with displaced Syrians and a range of texts by Syrian writers. In doing so, it demonstrates how knowing whether or how refugees found belonging inside their homelands before displacement enriches understandings of who refugees are, what they seek, and what home or exile means to them. While these pre-flight experiences cannot precisely predict integration outcomes, they shape the frame of reference that refugees carry into homemaking in refuge and, thus, the experiences of belonging that they develop there.

中文翻译：

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家园的经历如何塑造难民的归属感：重新思考叙利亚案例中的流亡、家园和融合

作为融合的一个关键方面，对难民归属的研究主要关注飞行后的过程。本文采用一种在时间和空间上更广泛的融合方法，认为难民在原籍国的不同归属或疏离经历从根本上决定了他们随后在定居国的归属或疏离经历。为了探讨这一论点，本文建立了一个框架，区分了家庭的心理社会和位置方面，确定了五种不同的体验类别：家乡的家乡、家乡的流放、家乡之外的流放、家乡之外的家乡或重叠跨越国界的流放和家园。文章在叙利亚案例中说明了这些类别，使用对流离失所的叙利亚人的原始采访和叙利亚作家的一系列文本。在这样做的过程中，它展示了了解难民在流离失所之前是否或如何发现属于他们的家园，从而丰富了对难民是谁、他们寻求什么以及家园或流放对他们意味着什么的理解。虽然这些飞行前的经历无法准确预测融合结果，但它们塑造了难民在避难所进行家庭生活的参考框架，从而塑造了他们在那里发展的归属感。