Abstract Since the financial crisis, Ireland’s welfare state has been reorientated around a regulatory, ‘work-first’ activation model. Claimants now face penalty rates for non-compliance with activation requirements that have been significantly extended since 2009. Alongside these formal policy reforms, the organisations delivering Public Employment Services, and the modes by which they are commissioned, have also been reconfigured through a series of New Public Management style governance reforms, including, most notably, the creation of a quasi-market for employment services (JobPath) in 2015. This article addresses the intersection between activation and quasi-marketisation, positioning the latter as a form of ‘double activation’ that reshapes not only how but also what policies are enacted at the street level. It unpacks their shared logics and mutual commitment to governing agents at a distance through a behavioural public policy orientation, and reflects on the extent to which marketisation is capable of producing lower-cost but more responsive employment services.

中文翻译：

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“双重激活”：工薪遇上市场化

摘要 自金融危机以来，爱尔兰的福利国家已围绕监管的“工作优先”激活模式进行了重新定位。索赔人现在因不遵守自 2009 年以来已大幅延长的激活要求而面临罚款率。除了这些正式的政策改革外，提供公共就业服务的组织及其受委托的模式也通过一系列新的公共管理风格治理改革，其中最引人注目的是，2015 年创建了就业服务准市场（JobPath）。本文探讨了激活和准市场化之间的交叉点，将后者定位为“双重激活”的形式' 这不仅重塑了街道层面的政策制定方式，而且也重塑了街道层面的政策。