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Visual Art and Propaganda Ecologies in the Basque Country: A Sample of Guernica Motifs from the Benedictine Sticker Archives (1978–1989)
Arts ( IF 0.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-08 , DOI: 10.3390/arts11030062
Iker Arranz Otaegui , Kevin C. Moore

The Benedictine Archives at Lazkao contain a multitude of propaganda stickers and related visual media that provide a snapshot of the Basque region’s artful political culture in the 1970s and 1980s. Some of the most compelling examples include several items that remix Pablo Picasso’s Guernica, referencing the famous antiwar painting to become a form of mass-circulated pastiche. This move was somewhat unusual amid the strong nationalist bent of public discourse and art in the Basque Country during this period. Almost entirely unknown outside the region, these materials capture political performance during the decade-long period between the instauration of Spanish democracy (1978) and the fall of the Berlin Wall (1989), when separatist sentiment reached a peak in the Basque Country. This artful visual platform, rendered in the small, focused format of stickers, constitutes a useful index of rhetorical currents within the Basque Country and Spain, as well as an interesting analogue prototype of what we might call, in the twenty-first century, meme culture. Circulated in bars and other public places across the Basque region, and frequently worn upon clothing, the stickers demonstrate a propaganda principle described by Jonathan Auerbach and Russ Castronovo, whereby participants in movements of mass persuasion actively partake in the dissemination and consumption of propaganda. The stickers normally refer to very concrete events (for instance, a one-day celebration, a protest for a concrete situation, etc.). When organized on topics and themes, they create a nonlinear visual account of post-Franco Basque history, providing propaganda narratives that invite performative acts from the audience. This account documents the significance of the vast Benedictine collection for future scholars, analyzing, in detail, four stickers that employ Guernica in their design. It also considers several other representative items from the collections that play on other art forms, as well as pop culture, in their attempt to influence public opinion, politics, and media consumption.

中文翻译:

巴斯克地区的视觉艺术和宣传生态:来自本笃会贴纸档案的格尔尼卡图案样本(1978-1989)

Lazkao 的本笃会档案馆包含大量宣传贴纸和相关的视觉媒体,提供了 1970 年代和 1980 年代巴斯克地区艺术政治文化的快照。一些最引人注目的例子包括重新混合巴勃罗毕加索的格尔尼卡的几个项目,参考著名的反战绘画,成为大众传播的一种模仿形式。在这一时期巴斯克地区公共话语和艺术的强烈民族主义倾向中,这一举动有些不寻常。在该地区之外几乎完全不为人知,这些材料记录了从西班牙民主制度恢复(1978 年)到柏林墙倒塌(1989 年)之间长达十年的政治表现,当时巴斯克地区的分离主义情绪达到顶峰。这个巧妙的视觉平台,以小而集中的贴纸形式呈现,构成了巴斯克地区和西班牙修辞潮流的有用索引,以及我们在 21 世纪可以称之为模因的有趣模拟原型文化。在巴斯克地区的酒吧和其他公共场所流通,这些贴纸经常贴在衣服上,展示了 Jonathan Auerbach 和 Russ Castronovo 所描述的宣传原则,即群众说服运动的参与者积极参与宣传的传播和消费。贴纸通常指的是非常具体的事件(例如,为期一天的庆祝活动、针对具体情况的抗议等)。当根据主题和主题进行组织时,他们创建了对后佛朗哥巴斯克历史的非线性视觉描述,提供了吸引观众表演行为的宣传叙述。该帐户记录了本笃会大量收藏对未来学者的重要性,详细分析了四个贴纸,这些贴纸采用 因此,群众说服运动的参与者积极参与宣传的传播和消费。贴纸通常指的是非常具体的事件(例如,为期一天的庆祝活动、针对具体情况的抗议等)。当根据主题和主题进行组织时,他们创建了对后佛朗哥巴斯克历史的非线性视觉描述,提供了吸引观众表演行为的宣传叙述。该帐户记录了本笃会大量收藏对未来学者的重要性,详细分析了四个贴纸,这些贴纸采用 因此,群众说服运动的参与者积极参与宣传的传播和消费。贴纸通常指的是非常具体的事件(例如,为期一天的庆祝活动、针对具体情况的抗议等)。当根据主题和主题进行组织时,他们创建了对后佛朗哥巴斯克历史的非线性视觉描述,提供了吸引观众表演行为的宣传叙述。该帐户记录了本笃会大量收藏对未来学者的重要性,详细分析了四个贴纸,这些贴纸采用 当根据主题和主题进行组织时,他们创建了对后佛朗哥巴斯克历史的非线性视觉描述,提供了吸引观众表演行为的宣传叙述。该帐户记录了本笃会大量收藏对未来学者的重要性,详细分析了四个贴纸,这些贴纸采用 当根据主题和主题进行组织时,他们创建了对后佛朗哥巴斯克历史的非线性视觉描述,提供了吸引观众表演行为的宣传叙述。该帐户记录了本笃会大量收藏对未来学者的重要性,详细分析了四个贴纸,这些贴纸采用格尔尼卡在他们的设计中。它还考虑了收藏中的其他几个具有代表性的项目,这些项目在其他艺术形式以及流行文化中发挥作用,试图影响公众舆论、政治和媒体消费。
更新日期:2022-06-08
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