Abstract Purpose We attempt to find out whether OA or TA really affects the dissemination of scientific discoveries. Design/methodology/approach We design the indicators, hot-degree, and R-index to indicate a topic OA or TA advantages. First, according to the OA classification of the Web of Science (WoS), we collect data from the WoS by downloading OA and TA articles, letters, and reviews published in Nature and Science during 2010–2019. These papers are divided into three broad disciplines, namely biomedicine, physics, and others. Then, taking a discipline in a journal and using the classical Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to cluster 100 topics of OA and TA papers respectively, we apply the Pearson correlation coefficient to match the topics of OA and TA, and calculate the hot-degree and R-index of every OA-TA topic pair. Finally, characteristics of the discipline can be presented. In qualitative comparison, we choose some high-quality papers which belong to Nature remarkable papers or Science breakthroughs, and analyze the relations between OA/TA and citation numbers. Findings The result shows that OA hot-degree in biomedicine is significantly greater than that of TA, but significantly less than that of TA in physics. Based on the R-index, it is found that OA advantages exist in biomedicine and TA advantages do in physics. Therefore, the dissemination of average scientific discoveries in all fields is not necessarily affected by OA or TA. However, OA promotes the spread of important scientific discoveries in high-quality papers. Research limitations We lost some citations by ignoring other open sources such as arXiv and bioArxiv. Another limitation came from that Nature employs some strong measures for access-promoting subscription-based articles, on which the boundary between OA and TA became fuzzy. Practical implications It is useful to select hot topics in a set of publications by the hot-degree index. The finding comprehensively reflects the differences of OA and TA in different disciplines, which is a useful reference when researchers choose the publishing way as OA or TA. Originality/value We propose a new method, including two indicators, to explore and measure OA or TA advantages.

中文翻译：

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科学价值比开放或收费更重要：对自然和科学中 OA 优势的分析

摘要目的 我们试图找出 OA 或 TA 是否真的影响科学发现的传播。设计/方法/途径 我们设计指标、热度和R-index来表示一个主题OA或TA的优势。首先，根据 Web of Science (WoS) 的 OA 分类，我们通过下载 2010-2019 年在 Nature 和 Science 上发表的 OA 和 TA 文章、信件和评论从 WoS 中收集数据。这些论文分为三大学科，即生物医学、物理学和其他。然后，以期刊中的一个学科为对象，使用经典的潜在狄利克雷分配（LDA）分别对 OA 和 TA 论文的 100 个主题进行聚类，我们应用 Pearson 相关系数来匹配 OA 和 TA 的主题，并计算每个 OA-TA 主题对的热度和 R-index。最后，可以呈现学科的特点。在定性比较中，我们选择了一些属于 Nature 杰出论文或 Science 突破的高质量论文，分析了 OA/TA 与被引次数之间的关系。研究结果 结果表明，生物医学中OA的热度显着高于TA，但在物理学中显着低于TA。基于R-index发现，OA优势存在于生物医学，TA优势存在于物理学。因此，所有领域的平均科学发现的传播不一定受到 OA 或 TA 的影响。然而，OA 促进重要科学发现在高质量论文中的传播。研究限制 我们忽略了其他开源，例如 arXiv 和 bioArxiv，因此丢失了一些引用。另一个限制来自于 Nature 采用了一些强有力的措施来促进基于订阅的文章的访问，这使得 OA 和 TA 之间的界限变得模糊。实际意义 通过热度指数在一组出版物中选择热门话题很有用。该发现全面反映了OA和TA在不同学科中的差异性，为研究人员选择OA或TA的发表方式提供了有益的参考。