diverse motivations and local flavors. The other half of the Amnesty recipe, as noted above, was fact-finding. This innocuous-sounding activity brought Amnesty into many difficult situations: entanglements with intelligence agencies; the imprisonment of unwary fact-finders; minor international incidents; and debates over the politics of information. Buchanan follows Amnesty through the crises it faced in the s and s, until it takes its place as a global leader with the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize in . A portrait emerges of a movement that is surprisingly resilient. Most of its peers from the early post-war period have long since faded away. Some were the creations of individuals and could not survive their founder; others faded as interest in a particular issue or crisis ebbed away; still others were too dependent upon official funding. Amnesty could easily have shared their fate, and nearly did. But campaigning for human rights became, as Buchanan observes “desirable – even fashionable” (p. ). Political prisoners have not disappeared as a category, and Amnesty has been able to expand its focus as well. Its combination of grass-roots action and committed leadership have allowed it to far outgrow its modest beginnings. Tom Buchanan’s deeply-researched, generous study of Amnesty International’s origins and flourishing should inspire others to expand our understanding of how universal ideals become transnational movements.

中文翻译：

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Stefan J. Link 打造全球福特主义。纳粹德国、苏维埃俄罗斯和工业秩序竞赛。[世界上的美国。] 普林斯顿大学出版社，普林斯顿（新泽西州）2020 年。vii，316 页。39.95 美元；34.00 英镑。

不同的动机和当地风味。如上所述，大赦配方的另一半是事实调查。这种听起来无伤大雅的活动使国际特赦组织陷入了许多困难的境地：与情报机构的纠葛；监禁粗心的事实调查者；轻微的国际事件；以及关于信息政治的辩论。布坎南跟随国际特赦组织度过了  和  所面临的危机，直到它在  获得诺贝尔和平奖，成为全球领导者。一幅令人惊讶的弹性运动的肖像出现了。战后初期的大多数同行早已消失。有些是个人的创造，无法在他们的创始人中幸存下来；其他人随着对特定问题或危机的兴趣消退而消失；还有一些过于依赖官方资金。大赦可以很容易地分享他们的命运，而且几乎做到了。但正如布坎南所说，争取人权的运动变成了“可取的——甚至是时髦的”（p. ）。政治犯作为一个类别并没有消失，国际特赦组织也能够扩大其关注范围。它结合了基层行动和坚定的领导力，使它远远超越了它不起眼的开端。汤姆·布坎南对国际特赦组织的起源和繁荣进行了深入研究和慷慨的研究，这应该会激励其他人扩大我们对普世理想如何成为跨国运动的理解。政治犯作为一个类别并没有消失，国际特赦组织也能够扩大其关注范围。它结合了基层行动和坚定的领导力，使它远远超越了它不起眼的开端。汤姆·布坎南对国际特赦组织的起源和繁荣进行了深入研究和慷慨的研究，这应该会激励其他人扩大我们对普世理想如何成为跨国运动的理解。政治犯作为一个类别并没有消失，国际特赦组织也能够扩大其关注范围。它结合了基层行动和坚定的领导力，使它远远超越了它不起眼的开端。汤姆·布坎南对国际特赦组织的起源和繁荣进行了深入研究和慷慨的研究，这应该会激励其他人扩大我们对普世理想如何成为跨国运动的理解。