Permanent socio-cultural transformations, reflection on which is the main scope of Changing Societies & Personalities, continue to generate social theories with their own methodologies for constructing and representing social reality. The poly-paradigmatic nature of contemporary social knowledge implies its embeddedness in various theoretical systems that create alternative pictures of the world. On the one hand, social knowledge is pluralistic, that is, allowing for a plurality of equivalent explanatory concepts; on the other, it is interdisciplinary, that is, irreducible to the methodology of a single social or humanities discipline. The paradigms of social knowledge are immanently linked to social, political, economic and cultural contexts of a particular society. Structurally, these paradigms comprise not only explicit (conscious), but also hidden (unconscious) elements. The articles presented in the current issue of Changing Societies & Personalities demonstrate all these qualities: they are based on different conceptual foundations; they reflect specific features of the current state of the described societies; they are self-critical and leave room for further research. In thе article Knowledge: From Ethical Category to Knowledge Capitalism, Dmitry M. Kochetkov and Irina A. Kochetkova assert that contemporary economics considers knowledge as one of the main factors in economic growth, along with scientific and technological progress. The economic interpretation of knowledge is currently changing, and a new neoliberal paradigm of science and higher education is emerging. The authors aim to define “knowledge” as an economic category in comparison with various knowledge-based economic concepts. The authors analyze the learning economy where learning “is understood not simply as an access to information but as acquisition of certain knowledge and skills”; they describe the knowledge economy as an economic system where “knowledge is a key factor (or resource) in production and economic growth”. They examine the economics of scientific knowledge (ESK), an approach to understanding science, which relies on the concepts and methods of economic analysis in the study of the epistemic nature and value of scientific knowledge.

中文翻译：

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寻找新的研究范式

永久的社会文化转型，反思是不断变化的社会和个性的主要范围，继续产生具有自己构建和代表社会现实的方法论的社会理论。当代社会知识的多范式本质意味着它嵌入到各种理论体系中，这些理论体系创造了世界的另类图景。一方面，社会知识是多元的，即允许多个等价的解释性概念；另一方面，它是跨学科的，即不能简化为单一社会或人文学科的方法论。社会知识范式与特定社会的社会、政治、经济和文化背景有着内在联系。在结构上，这些范式不仅包括明确的（有意识的），还有隐藏的（无意识的）元素。本期《不断变化的社会与个性》中的文章展示了所有这些品质：它们基于不同的概念基础；它们反映了所描述社会当前状态的具体特征；他们是自我批评的，并留有进一步研究的空间。在文章《知识：从伦理范畴到知识资本主义》中，德米特里 M. 科切特科夫和伊琳娜 A. 科切特科娃断言，当代经济学将知识与科技进步一起视为经济增长的主要因素之一。当前，对知识的经济解释正在发生变化，一种新的科学和高等教育新自由主义范式正在出现。作者旨在将“知识”定义为与各种基于知识的经济概念相比的经济类别。作者分析了学习经济，其中学习“不仅被理解为获取信息，而且被理解为获得某些知识和技能”；他们将知识经济描述为“知识是生产和经济增长的关键因素（或资源）”的经济体系。他们研究科学知识经济学（ESK），这是一种理解科学的方法，它依赖于经济分析的概念和方法，用于研究科学知识的认识性质和价值。他们将知识经济描述为“知识是生产和经济增长的关键因素（或资源）”的经济体系。他们研究科学知识经济学（ESK），这是一种理解科学的方法，它依赖于经济分析的概念和方法，用于研究科学知识的认识性质和价值。他们将知识经济描述为“知识是生产和经济增长的关键因素（或资源）”的经济体系。他们研究科学知识经济学（ESK），这是一种理解科学的方法，它依赖于经济分析的概念和方法，用于研究科学知识的认识性质和价值。