An isolated limestone hill (Cisowa Skała), located in the Podhale Basin in southern Poland, has yielded mollusc shells and small vertebrate bones in deposits filling small karst forms such as rock shelters, characteristic molluscan assemblages can be identified, the succession of which reflects changes in the environment and also microhabitat variations depending on local factors, such as slope exposure and type of vegetation. These local factors markedly affect regional environmental trends determined primarily by climate change and, during the last several hundred years, also by human activity. Such malacological analysis enables effective palaeogeographical reconstructions, both on the scale of geographical regions and for microhabitats.

位于波兰南部 Podhale 盆地的一个孤立的石灰岩山 (Cisowa Skała) 在填充了小岩溶形式（如岩石掩体）的沉积物中产生了软体动物壳和小型脊椎动物骨骼，可以识别出特征性的软体动物组合，其演替反映了变化环境和微生境的变化取决于当地因素，如斜坡暴露和植被类型。这些局部因素显着影响主要由气候变化决定的区域环境趋势，在过去的几百年中，也由人类活动决定。这种病态分析能够在地理区域和微生境的规模上进行有效的古地理重建。