Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are presented as an alternative and decentralized solutions with different application scales for problems addressed to urban expansion as water quality reduction and floods. The usage of control strategies and mathematical modeling techniques has shown promising results for optimizing hydraulic and water treatment processes. The Digital Twins (DT) as process integration technology are widely used in industry, and recently these technique usages in urban water systems are showing effective results in both management and planning. However, there is a lack of proper literature definition for DT applied to NbS, especially for stormwater and transboundary water security projects. Thus, this paper sought through a literature review to access the existing conceptual challenges and the DT definition as a framework, identify how the mathematical modeling reported in the literature can improve the DT development, and evaluate the potential benefits associated with the application of DT in NbS.

基于自然的解决方案 (NbS) 作为替代和分散的解决方案被提出，具有不同的应用规模，用于解决城市扩张问题，如水质下降和洪水。控制策略和数学建模技术的使用已显示出优化水力和水处理过程的有希望的结果。数字孪生（DT）作为流程集成技术在工业中得到广泛应用，最近这些技术在城市水系统中的应用在管理和规划方面都显示出有效的结果。然而，对于应用于 NbS 的 DT 缺乏适当的文献定义，特别是对于雨水和跨界水安全项目。因此，本文试图通过文献综述来了解现有的概念挑战和 DT 定义作为框架，