Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs, also known as MPKs) regulate diverse cellular and physiological functions, and dual-specificity MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) modulate MAPK signalling through MAPK dephosphorylation and inactivation. Due to lacking of overall understanding for the regulatory networks between Chrysanthemum morifolium MKPs (CmMKPs) and C. morifolium MAPKs (CmMPKs), we systematically studied the interactions between four groups of CmMPKs and eight identified CmMKPs in chrysanthemum and found that the interaction between the specific CmMKP and the specific CmMPK differed from those in other plants. Furthermore, the expression of CmMKP1 and CmMKP1-LIKE1 showed opposite trends during the development of chrysanthemum flower buds under salt treatment and Alternaria alternata inoculation, but these genes could interact with the same CmMPKs, providing insight into the subfunctionalization of paralogues. Amino acid variations (M87V, T277P and V6L) in dual-specificity protein phosphatases (DsPTP1)-LIKE1/2/3 changed the interactions of these proteins with the four CmMPK groups in chrysanthemum, providing evidence for the de/neofunctionalization of paralogues in polyploids, suggesting that we can identify the key functional sites of proteins by studying polyploid paralogues.

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK，也称为 MPK）调节多种细胞和生理功能，双特异性 MAPK 磷酸酶（MKP）通过 MAPK 去磷酸化和失活调节 MAPK 信号传导。由于对菊花MKPs (CmMKPs) 和菊花MAPKs (CmMPKs) 之间的调控网络缺乏全面的了解，我们系统地研究了菊花中四组 CmMPKs 和八个已鉴定的 CmMKPs 之间的相互作用，发现特定的 CmMPKs 之间的相互作用CmMKP 和特定的 CmMPK 与其他植物中的不同。此外，CmMKP1 和 CmMKP1-LIKE1 的表达在盐处理菊花花蕾发育过程中表现出相反的趋势，Alternaria alternata接种，但这些基因可以与相同的 CmMPK 相互作用，从而深入了解旁系同源物的亚功能化。双特异性蛋白磷酸酶 (DsPTP1)-LIKE1/2/3 中的氨基酸变异（M87V、T277P 和 V6L）改变了这些蛋白与菊花中四个 CmMPK 基团的相互作用，为多倍体中旁系同源物的去/新功能化提供了证据，表明我们可以通过研究多倍体旁系同源物来识别蛋白质的关键功能位点。