Background: 

Neonatal hypothermia is common around the world; however, profound hypothermia is a very rare—but life-threatening—event.

Clinical Findings: 

This was a very rare case involving a 15-day old preterm infant diagnosed with profound hypothermia (rectal temperature, 27°C) concomitant with severe coagulation dysfunction and leukopenia on admission.

Primary Diagnosis: 

Profound hypothermia together with severe coagulopathy, leukopenia, late-onset sepsis, and pneumonia.

Interventions: 

The patient was rewarmed slowly, with a rectal temperature rising at a rate of 0.5°C/h < R < 1°C/h. Vital signs were closely monitored. Coagulation factors were supplemented by intravenous infusion of fresh frozen plasma. Supportive treatment with intravenous infusion of immunoglobulin was provided, and antibiotics were used empirically. Nil per os and intravenous rehydration were also implemented.

Outcomes: 

The condition of the preterm infant gradually improved and was successfully discharged.

Practice Recommendations: 

Profound hypothermia is very rare in preterm infants. However, once it occurs, it may be concomitant with severe coagulopathy and leukopenia. Successful management involves slow rewarming, prompt supplementation of coagulation factors, empirical antibiotics, and supportive treatment.

中文翻译：

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早产儿严重低温伴严重凝血功能障碍和白细胞减少：一例报告及文献复习

背景： 

新生儿体温过低在世界各地都很常见；然而，深度低温是一种非常罕见但危及生命的事件。

临床结果： 

这是一个非常罕见的病例，涉及一名 15 天大的早产儿，入院时被诊断患有严重低体温（直肠温度 27°C）并伴有严重凝血功能障碍和白细胞减少症。

初步诊断： 

严重低温并伴有严重凝血功能障碍、白细胞减少症、迟发性败血症和肺炎。

干预措施： 

患者缓慢复温，直肠温度以 0.5°C/h < R < 1°C/h 的速度上升。生命体征受到密切监测。通过静脉输注新鲜冰冻血浆补充凝血因子。给予静脉输注免疫球蛋白的支持治疗，并经验性使用抗生素。还实施了无口服和静脉补液。

结果： 

早产儿病情逐渐好转，顺利出院。

实践建议： 

严重低温在早产儿中非常罕见。然而，一旦发生，可能会伴有严重的凝血功能障碍和白细胞减少症。成功的治疗包括缓慢复温、及时补充凝血因子、经验性抗生素和支持治疗。