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The Ethics of Reintroducing Large Carnivores: The Case of the California Grizzly
Conservation and Society ( IF 2.492 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.4103/cs.cs_20_131
A Lee , AM Laird , L Brann , C Coxon , AJ Hamilton , LA Lawhon , JA Martin , N Rehnberg , BP Tyrrell , Z Welch , B Hale , PS Alagona

Efforts to reintroduce species to portions of their historic ranges are growing in number and kind. These include proposals and projects to reintroduce large carnivores in areas where these species have been absent for decades. Reintroductions, like all conservation efforts, involve not only empirical and logistical problems, but also complex normative questions. So, what are the obligations, values, permissions, restrictions, and demands that citizens, conservationists, wildlife managers, and other impacted parties must address? This paper attempts to organise, summarise and briefly analyse the diverse suite of common normative arguments concerning large carnivore reintroduction. Clarifying arguments as a methodological approach grounded in environmental ethics sheds light on many implicit ethical presuppositions that underwrite reintroduction efforts. As an example, we use the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos), whose populations have grown in recent years in both Europe and North America. Whereas past efforts to recover grizzlies in the lower 48 U.S. states focused on the Northern Rockies and North Cascades, research, legal proceedings, and other proposals have emerged to return the species to other portions of its historic range, including California. Clarifying ethical arguments that may arise from large carnivore reintroduction can contribute to a more civil public discourse and effective decision-making processes.

中文翻译:

重新引入大型食肉动物的伦理:加利福尼亚灰熊的案例

将物种重新引入其历史范围的一部分的努力在数量和种类上都在增加。其中包括在这些物种已经缺席了几十年的地区重新引入大型食肉动物的建议和项目。与所有保护工作一样,重新引入不仅涉及经验和后勤问题,还涉及复杂的规范问题。那么,公民、保护主义者、野生动物管理者和其他受影响方必须解决的义务、价值观、许可、限制和要求是什么?本文试图组织、总结和简要分析关于大型食肉动物重新引入的各种常见规范论点。澄清论点作为一种基于环境伦理的方法论方法,可以阐明许多支持重新引入努力的隐含伦理预设。作为一个例子,我们使用灰熊 (Ursus arctos),它的种群近年来在欧洲和北美都有增长。尽管过去在美国 48 个州恢复灰熊的努力主要集中在北落基山脉和北喀斯喀特山脉,但已经出现了研究、法律程序和其他建议,以将该物种恢复到其历史范围的其他部分,包括加利福尼亚。澄清大型食肉动物重新引入可能引起的伦理争论有助于更文明的公共话语和有效的决策过程。近年来,其人口在欧洲和北美都有所增长。尽管过去在美国 48 个州恢复灰熊的努力主要集中在北落基山脉和北喀斯喀特山脉,但已经出现了研究、法律程序和其他建议,以将该物种恢复到其历史范围的其他部分,包括加利福尼亚。澄清大型食肉动物重新引入可能引起的伦理争论有助于更文明的公共话语和有效的决策过程。近年来,其人口在欧洲和北美都有所增长。尽管过去在美国 48 个州恢复灰熊的努力主要集中在北落基山脉和北喀斯喀特山脉,但已经出现了研究、法律程序和其他建议,以将该物种恢复到其历史范围的其他部分,包括加利福尼亚。澄清大型食肉动物重新引入可能引起的伦理争论有助于更文明的公共话语和有效的决策过程。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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