The Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly transforming the way we work, live, and travel. IoT devices collect, store, analyze, and act upon a continuous stream of data as a by-product of everyday use. However, IoT devices need unrestricted data access to fully function. As such, they invade users’ virtual and physical space and raise far-reaching privacy challenges that are unlike those examined in other contexts. As advanced IoT devices, connected cars offer a unique setting to review and extend established theory and evidence on privacy and data sharing. Employing a sequential mixed methods design, we conducted an interview study (n=120), a survey study (n=333), and a field experiment (n=324) among car drivers to develop and validate a contextualized model of individuals’ data sharing decisions. Our findings from the three studies highlight the interplay between virtual and physical risks in shaping drivers’ privacy concerns and data sharing decisions—with information privacy and data security emerging as discrete yet closely interrelated concepts. Our findings also highlight the importance of psychological ownership, conceptualized as drivers’ feelings of possession toward their driving data, as an important addition to established privacy calculus models of data sharing. This novel perspective explains why individuals are reluctant to share even low-sensitivity data that do not raise privacy concerns. The psychological ownership perspective has implications for designing incentives for data-enabled services in ways that augment drivers’ self-efficacy and psychological ownership and thereby encourage them to share driving data. These insights help reconcile a fundamental tension among IoT users—how to avail the benefits of data enabled IoT devices while reducing the psychological costs associated with the sharing of personal data.

中文翻译：

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物联网中的隐私问题和数据共享：来自联网汽车的混合方法证据

物联网 (IoT) 正在日益改变我们的工作、生活和旅行方式。物联网设备作为日常使用的副产品收集、存储、分析和处理连续的数据流。但是，物联网设备需要不受限制的数据访问才能完全发挥作用。因此，它们侵入了用户的虚拟和物理空间，并引发了影响深远的隐私挑战，这与在其他环境中所研究的不同。作为先进的物联网设备，联网汽车提供了一个独特的环境来审查和扩展关于隐私和数据共享的既定理论和证据。采用顺序混合方法设计，我们在汽车驾驶员中进行了访谈研究 (n=120)、调查研究 (n=333) 和现场实验 (n=324)，以开发和验证个人数据的情境化模型分享决定。我们从这三项研究中得出的结果强调了虚拟风险和物理风险在塑造司机的隐私问题和数据共享决策方面的相互作用——信息隐私和数据安全作为离散但密切相关的概念出现。我们的研究结果还强调了心理所有权的重要性，被概念化为驾驶员对其驾驶数据的拥有感，作为已建立的数据共享隐私计算模型的重要补充。这种新颖的观点解释了为什么个人甚至不愿意分享不会引起隐私问题的低敏感性数据。心理所有权观点对设计数据驱动服务的激励措施具有重要意义，这些激励措施可以增强驾驶员的自我效能感和心理所有权，从而鼓励他们共享驾驶数据。