Abstract Recent studies have shown that green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their application in the control of phytopathogenic fungi is a burgeoning field. Sisymbrium irio (Si) (London rocket) is a well-known weed that grows abundantly in Saudi Arabia from February to May. The present study is concerned with the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the aqueous seed extract of Si) in the presence of sunlight. The biosynthesized Si-AgNPs were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis, dynamic light scattering analysis (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR). The UV-Vis spectrum revealed a prominent surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption band (∼439 nm) characteristic of AgNPs. As revealed by TEM analysis, the Si-AgNPs were predominantly spheroidal in shape and measured between 4 and 51 nm, while the Z average of nanoparticles was 94.81 nm as revealed by the DLS spectrum. The FTIR spectrum displayed peaks related to important functional groups (amines, phenols, carboxylic acids, flavonoids, aromatic compounds, and esters) that aid in the reduction, encapsulation, and stability of AgNPs. The Si-AgNPs were further investigated against a panel of potent fungal phytopathogens that included Alternaria alternata, A. brassicae, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, and Trichoderma harzianum. The cytotoxic activity of the biosynthesized nanoparticles against human cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) was also tested. Si-AgNPs at 80 µg·mL−1 demonstrated a marked reduction in mycelial growth and spore germination. Similarly, Si-AgNPs exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic activity against the HeLa cell line, with an IC50 value of 21.83 ± 0.76 µg·mL−1. The results of the present study demonstrate the robust cytotoxic and antifungal activities of Si-AgNPs. Based on the findings, Si-AgNPs can be exploited to design formulations that can effectively act as anticancer agents, controlling the proliferation of cancer cells while also combating fungal phytopathogens. However, future research to understand their toxicity mechanisms is needed.

中文翻译：

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Sisymbrium irio种子制备的银纳米粒子的生物合成和表征及其抗真菌和细胞毒活性的评价

摘要 最近的研究表明，银纳米粒子（AgNPs）的绿色合成及其在植物病原真菌防治中的应用是一个新兴领域。Sisymbrium irio (Si)（伦敦火箭）是一种著名的杂草，从 2 月到 5 月在沙特阿拉伯大量生长。本研究涉及在阳光存在下从 Si) 的水种子提取物中快速合成银纳米颗粒。使用紫外-可见光谱 (UV-Vis)、能量色散 X 射线 (EDX) 微量分析、动态光散射分析 (DLS)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析对生物合成的 Si-AgNPs 进行了表征。红外光谱）。UV-Vis 光谱揭示了 AgNPs 的显着表面等离子体共振 (SPR) 吸收带 (~439 nm) 特征。正如 TEM 分析所揭示的，Si-AgNPs 的形状主要是球形，测量范围在 4 到 51 nm 之间，而 DLS 光谱显示纳米颗粒的 Z 平均值为 94.81 nm。FTIR 光谱显示与重要的官能团（胺、酚、羧酸、类黄酮、芳香族化合物和酯）相关的峰，这些峰有助于 AgNPs 的还原、封装和稳定性。Si-AgNPs 针对一组强效真菌植物病原体进行了进一步研究，这些植物病原体包括链格孢、芸苔属、茄病镰孢、尖孢镰刀菌和哈茨木霉。还测试了生物合成的纳米粒子对人宫颈癌细胞系 (HeLa) 的细胞毒活性。80 µg·mL-1 的 Si-AgNPs 表明菌丝体生长和孢子萌发显着减少。相似地，Si-AgNPs 对 HeLa 细胞系表现出剂量依赖性细胞毒活性，IC50 值为 21.83 ± 0.76 µg·mL-1。本研究的结果证明了 Si-AgNPs 强大的细胞毒性和抗真菌活性。基于这些发现，Si-AgNPs 可用于设计可有效作为抗癌剂的配方，控制癌细胞的增殖，同时对抗真菌植物病原体。然而，需要未来的研究来了解它们的毒性机制。控制癌细胞的增殖，同时对抗真菌植物病原体。然而，需要未来的研究来了解它们的毒性机制。控制癌细胞的增殖，同时对抗真菌植物病原体。然而，需要未来的研究来了解它们的毒性机制。