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Pragmatic Memory-System Support for Intermittent Computing Using Emerging Nonvolatile Memory
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-19 , DOI: 10.1109/tcad.2022.3168263
Sivert T. Sliper 1 , William Wang 2 , Nikos Nikoleris 2 , Alex S. Weddell 1 , Anand Savanth 2 , Pranay Prabhat 2 , Geoff V. Merrett 1
Affiliation  

Intermittent computing (IC) is a key enabler for the vision of a trillion Internet of Things devices. By harvesting energy from the environment and leveraging nonvolatile memory (NVM) to retain computational progress across power cycles, IC enables untethered and battery-free devices to perform computation whenever ambient energy is available. The backbone of state retention is NVM, and recent advances in energy-efficient NVM have the potential to expand the application domain of IC significantly. Utilizing emerging NVM at the level of bit cells, researchers have proposed nonvolatile processors. However, these do not leverage hardware–software co-design, which can be used to overcome hardware limitations and to provide support for application-level constraints such as atomicity. In this article, we propose MEMIC, a memory architecture tailored for IC devices with byte-addressable NVM. A core focus of MEMIC is to combine volatile and NVM in such a way that the operations of IC are as efficient as possible, while also maximizing computational performance per joule. MEMIC uses volatile memory for energy efficiency and NVM for data retention. To avoid double-buffered checkpoints and costly roll backs when code needs to be reexecuted, MEMIC is designed to track and minimize writes to NVM during failure-atomic sections. Our evaluation shows that MEMIC’s instruction cache reduces workload completion time under intermittent operation by 41%–70% and its data cache provides a further reduction of 13%–39%.

中文翻译:

使用新兴的非易失性存储器对间歇性计算提供实用的存储器系统支持

间歇性计算 (IC) 是实现万亿物联网设备愿景的关键推动力。通过从环境中收集能量并利用非易失性存储器 (NVM) 在电源周期内保持计算进度,IC 使不受限制和无电池的设备能够在环境能量可用时执行计算。状态保留的支柱是 NVM,节能 NVM 的最新进展有可能显着扩大 IC 的应用领域。利用位单元级别的新兴 NVM,研究人员提出了非易失性处理器。然而,这些并没有利用硬件-软件协同设计,后者可用于克服硬件限制并为应用程序级约束(例如原子性)提供支持。在本文中,我们提出 MEMIC,为具有字节可寻址 NVM 的 IC 设备量身定制的内存架构。MEMIC 的一个核心重点是结合易失性和 NVM,使 IC 的操作尽可能高效,同时最大限度地提高每焦耳的计算性能。MEMIC 使用易失性内存来提高能效,使用 NVM 来保留数据。为了在需要重新执行代码时避免双缓冲检查点和代价高昂的回滚,MEMIC 旨在跟踪并最大限度地减少在故障原子部分期间对 NVM 的写入。我们的评估表明,MEMIC 的指令缓存将间歇操作下的工作负载完成时间减少了 41%–70%,其数据缓存进一步减少了 13%–39%。同时还最大化每焦耳的计算性能。MEMIC 使用易失性内存来提高能效,使用 NVM 来保留数据。为了在需要重新执行代码时避免双缓冲检查点和代价高昂的回滚,MEMIC 旨在跟踪并最大限度地减少在故障原子部分期间对 NVM 的写入。我们的评估表明,MEMIC 的指令缓存将间歇操作下的工作负载完成时间减少了 41%–70%,其数据缓存进一步减少了 13%–39%。同时还最大化每焦耳的计算性能。MEMIC 使用易失性内存来提高能效,使用 NVM 来保留数据。为了在需要重新执行代码时避免双缓冲检查点和代价高昂的回滚,MEMIC 旨在跟踪并最大限度地减少在故障原子部分期间对 NVM 的写入。我们的评估表明,MEMIC 的指令缓存将间歇操作下的工作负载完成时间减少了 41%–70%,其数据缓存进一步减少了 13%–39%。
更新日期:2022-04-19
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