Abstract. Self-control – that is, the ability to control impulses, emotions, or actions in order to achieve goals – is associated with a broad range of positive life outcomes, such as educational attainment and health. The present study describes the development and validation of a four-item self-control scale in English, French, German, Japanese, Polish, and Spanish. We used a sample comprising 973 survey respondents from the United States to select the scale items, and a sample comprising 5,557 respondents from six countries to validate the short scale. Results suggest that with just four items, self-control can be measured in a valid, partially scalar invariant, and time-efficient way, and can be adjusted for acquiescence.

中文翻译：

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在国际大规模调查中衡量自我控制

摘要。自我控制——即控制冲动、情绪或行为以实现目标的能力——与广泛的积极生活成果相关，例如教育程度和健康。本研究描述了英语、法语、德语、日语、波兰语和西班牙语的四项自我控制量表的开发和验证。我们使用了一个由来自美国的 973 名受访者组成的样本来选择量表项目，并使用一个由来自六个国家的 5,557 名受访者组成的样本来验证短量表。结果表明，只需四个项目，就可以以一种有效的、部分标量不变的和省时的方式来衡量自我控制，并且可以针对默认情况进行调整。