Abstract. In this research, we propose that belief in a just world (BJW) can be divided into two distinct beliefs: one addressing the notion that efforts are rewarded, that is, effort-based BJW, and another maintaining that the valence associated with moral character leads to particular consequences, that is, valence-based BJW (e.g., good people are rewarded and bad people are punished). We used culturally relevant proverbs to design measures in German and Chinese. Samples of college students and working adults from both countries were collected to assess the reliability, factor structure, validity, and the nomological consistency of the newly developed measures. Both measures demonstrated strong evidence of the existence of and distinction between effort- and valence-based BJW, and they displayed unique patterns in predicting different variables beyond the effect of personal BJW and BJW for others, which may elucidate the precise justice beliefs related to different phenomena.

中文翻译：

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基于努力和效价的公正世界信念的概念化、测量和验证

摘要。在这项研究中，我们提出对公正世界的信念（BJW）可以分为两种不同的信念：一种是关于努力得到回报的概念，即基于努力的 BJW，另一种是认为与道德品质相关的效价导致特定的后果，即基于价的 BJW（例如，好人得到奖励，坏人受到惩罚）。我们使用与文化相关的谚语来设计德语和汉语的测量。收集来自两国的大学生和在职成年人的样本，以评估新开发措施的信度、因子结构、效度和法理一致性。这两项措施都证明了基于努力和基于价的 BJW 的存在和区别的有力证据，